Class notes
Class notes college 10: Dyspnea
- Course
- Institution
Class notes college 10: Dyspnea
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
12863923923
Content preview
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF DYSPNEADYSPNEA = BREATHLESSNESS
= ademnood:
- Vital sign that there is a need to get oxygen into body
- Disturbence in the system: we need to take action
Cardinal symptom in many (prevalent) diseases, e.g.:
- Respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, …)
- Cardiovascular and neuromuscular diseases
- Psychological disorders (panic, anxiety, psychosomatic)
à Aversive and highly threatening character
à High psychological burden
à Reduced quality of life
à High socio-economic burden
„… a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct
sensations that vary in intensity.
à Impossible to measure it objectively
à Always something a person perceives (pain is also a subjective sensation)
The experience derives from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social,
and environmental factors...“
à All factors can lead and shape symptoms of breathlessness
A lot of ways to describe dyspnea by patients:
- Chest tightness
- Fast/heavy breathing
- Shallow breathing
- Air hunger/suffocation
- Effort/work of breathing
1
, - Chemoreceptors:
o In brainstem or near the heart
o Pick info up about O2/CO2 levels in blood
o If they see that there is too much CO2, then they can initiate faster breathing
to get rid of the CO2
- Mechanoreceptors: respond to mechanical stimulation (breathing in/out very fast,
deep breath (stretch receptors, pick up stretch and send info to brain))
Why does feeling of dyspnea happen?
- Afferent mismatch: brainstem sends info to respiratory muscles to move à verwacht
feedback v de spieren + v mechanoreceptoren over het werk dat ze doen à
hersenen zeggen adem veel en ze verwachten feedback à als er maar een beetje
feedback komt denken hersenen dat het niet genoeg is à gevoel v dyspnea
- Corollary discharge: uitgaande motorcommando’s v hersenstam naar
ademhalingsstelsel à er zijn collaterals die naar sensory cortex areas gaan à als er
veel uitgaande commando’s zijn, dan ook veel signalen naar sensory cortices à
voelen dat er veel aan de hand is, dus er zal wel dyspnea zijn
- à Niet duidelijk wat waar is over hogere processn
2
, - Niet unidimensioneel
- Kan gesplit w à brede differiantie in intensiteit en sensorische dimensie v ademnood
en affectieve component (onaangenaamheid, de manier waarop het ons
ongemakkelijk maakt)
- Beide systemen zijn gerelateerd aan andere hersengebieden
- Unpleasantness (affective): important component which motivates patients to seak
help, take medications, take treatment
à ook gevoelig voor interactie tussen bodily en psychosocial influences
à Important for motivating patient behavior (treatment adherence, medication use, seeking
professional help, activity, etc.)
à Particularly vulnerable for psychological influences
Healthy Adults
- Inhalatie met resistors: moeilijk maken om lucht te krijgen (kleiner gat is moeilijk
lucht te krijgen)
- W moeilijk gemaakt waardoor je meer moeite moet doen om te ademen
- Dan raten ze intensity & unpleasantness (hoe erg ze het disliken)
- Resultaat: Stronger increase in dyspnea unpleasantness than intensity
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 12863923923. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.08. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now