Summary
Summary English Sentence Analysis, ISBN: 9789027225665 Language Optimization
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Summary of chapters 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 of the book 'English Sentence Analysis' by Verspoor & Sauter.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
LANGUAGE OPTIMIZATION SUMMARY
-
Samenvatting English Sentence Analysis, ISBN: 9789027225665 Sentence Structure
-
Language Optimization: Summary English Sentence Analysis, ISBN: 9789027225665
Seller
Follow
helenvandenberg
Content preview
Chapter 1: Sentences: Communicative functions & typical patternsSentence patterns:
Subject - Whole verb = declarative
Part of verb - Subject - Rest of verb = interrogative
Verb by itself = imperative
How … or What a …. Followed by remainder of sentence = exclamatory
Out of all the details in an event or situation, a speaker can name the following aspects:
- One or more participants
- Attributes of these participants
- Information about the setting of the event or situation
First:
- Speaker names at least one person or thing and says something about him, her
or it.
- Speaker names the process (is holding, is walking) which describes the act,
deed, state of being or becoming that the first participant is involved in.
- Speaker may then say something about the first participant or name one or two
more participants.
But:
- The speaker may also choose to mention a second participant
- And in some cases it is possible to name an attribute of the second participant
- It is also possible for the speaker to name three participants
- The speaker may choose to give information about the setting, which tells how,
where, when, why, under what condition, cause and so on.
Typical sentence patterns
1. The running pattern
2. The being pattern
3. The doing/seeing pattern
4. The giving/buying pattern
5. The making/considering pattern
^ sometimes same verbs can be used in different patterns (make)
semantic: role
syntactic: function
, Chapter 2: Sentences: Simple, compound and complex
Sentence = derived from Latin ‘sententia’ = ‘feeling’ or ‘opinion’
➔ In fields of grammar: ‘an utterance that expresses a feeling or opinion’
➔ More technical definition:
‘a grammatically self-contained speech unit consisting of a word, or a
syntactically related group of words that expresses an assertion, a question, a
command, a wish, or an exclamation, which in writing usually begins with a
capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.’
A grammatically complete sentence expresses at least one complete whole event or
situation with a subject and predicate.
- Some sentences consist of only one clause.(hoofdzin) (also expresses a whole
event or situation with a subject and predicate)
- A sentence may also consist of two or more clauses
Two general types of clauses
- Independent / main clauses
o Those that form a meaningful unit by themselves
- Subordinate / dependent clauses
o Those that cannot stand on their own because they function as a
constituent (subject, object, etc.)
Sentence types (degrees of complexity)
1. Simple sentences
o Consists of one main clause only (doesn’t mean the sentence is short)
o Because, if, who
2. Compound sentences
o Consists of two or more main clauses (can both stand on their own)
o The clauses have a fixed order, so they cannot be moved without
changing their meaning
▪ Coordinate conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
▪ Correlative conjunctions, both … and, not only … but also, (n)either … or
▪ Semi-colon (;) between the main clauses
• often followed by therefore, besides, similarly = conjunctive
adverb
• unlike a coordinate conjunction, a conjunctive adverb can be
moved within the second clause
3. Complex sentences
o Contains at least one full dependent clause with its own subject and predicate
▪ Dependent clause: clause that starts with a subordinator.
• Subordinator: because, although, if, who, where, when, that, etc.
- Difference compound and complex = in a compound sentence, both parts are really
just simple, independent sentences. In a complex sentence, the dependent clause
cannot stand on its own and functions as a constituent (subject, adverbial, or attribute)
of the main clause, or in some cases it is only part of another sentence constituent
o 1st kind of dependent clause functions as adverbial (bijwoordelijke bepaling)
▪ If you are not sure whether a clause functions as adverbial, you can try
moving it as adverbials may occupy different positions in a sentence
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller helenvandenberg. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.07. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now