CBI-50806 - Immunomodulation By Food And Feed (CBI50806)
Summary
Summary Immunomodulation by food and feed: Complete
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Course
CBI-50806 - Immunomodulation By Food And Feed (CBI50806)
Institution
Wageningen University (WUR)
Summary of the course 'Immunomodulation by food and feed' including all lectures, learning outcomes and important notes on the practicals. Topics include immunomodulatory food components, microbiota, disease, vitamin D and Maillard reaction products.
CBI-50806 - Immunomodulation By Food And Feed (CBI50806)
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IMMUNOMODULATION BY
FOOD AND FEED
CBI-50806
,Learning outcomes:
At the end of this course the student is expected to be able to:
• Define and memorize the basic aspects of immune defense reactions against
pathogens and the basis of the development of examples of immune-related
diseases.
• Define and memorize the principles of gut-associated microbiota, their physiological
functions and their major role in this defense.
• Understand the basic mechanisms of action whereby dietary components can
modulate immune function with consequences for overall health of the individual.
• Apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the course, to be able to deal with
relevant research questions in the practical
• Apply the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired during the course to solve
real-life case-related questions.
• Critically evaluate test systems for their results and implications of the finding for the
detection of immunomodulatory activity of dietary components
Lecture 1: Introduction
,Imbalanced/improper functioning:
• Over-activity against self-antigens
o Diabetes type 1, IBD, Rheumatoid
arthritis
• Over-activity against harmless foreign
antigens
o Asthma, allergy
• Inadequate or insufficient response:
immunodeficiency
o Infections, tumor surveillance
• Chronic inflammation
o Metabolic syndrome,
neurodegenerative disorders
,Lecture: Background in immunity and
changes over life
Learning outcomes:
• Main features about innate and adaptive immune system
• Which cells are part of the innate immune system
• What is inflammation and why is it important
• What is immunomodulation and how is food or feed able to modulate
Main features about innate and adaptive immune system
Infection = non-self
Tumor = modified self
Phases of an immune response
,Recognition by germline-encoded receptors of the innate immune system and variable
antigen-specific receptors by gene segment rearrangements
Innate immune recognition
Recognition of invaders: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
• E.g.: Toll like receptors TLRs
o TLR2: Gram +
o TLR4: Gram -, recognizes bacterial LPS
o TLR7 recognizes RNA
o Can give the cell the signal to get activated. Response to non-self
o Can activate dendritic cells → type I interferons (IFN- & )
• Recognize ‘danger signals’ associated with a microbial attack
o PAMPs (pattern associated molecular patterns)
▪ Important to bind to cells
o MAMPs (microbe associated)
o DAMPs (danger associated, intracellular molecules): released by dying cells
PRRs recognize general characteristics of classes of invaders – not just a single invader. The
patterns they recognize represent structural features which are so important to the
pathogen that they cannot easily be altered by mutation to avoid detection.
,IL-8: chemokine
Trained immunity
• Food components first recognized by the innate immune system
o Can train the immune system
• Short ‘memory’
• Innate immunity has memory of previous infections, nonspecific response vaccines
‘trains’ existing tools, mediated by epigenetic changes
• Tolerance can also occur
o Immediately after birth
, Genetic mutations of epigenetic modifiers
o Bacteria have unmethylated DNA → transcribed
o Some food components can change methylation of DNA
Adaptive immune response
Dendritic cells: antigen-sampling cells
- Located along body surfaces that line the border of the body with the environment
o Mucosal surfaces
o GI-tract, respiratory organs, skin
- Couple innate to adaptive immunity
T-cells
- CD4+ Th cell
o Helps cytotoxic T-cells & B-cells
o Read MHC-II on APCs
- CD8+ cytotoxic cell
o Read MHC-I on tumor/virus infected cells
- Cytokines induce the differentiation from naïve t cells to different types of Th and Tr
cells.
o Specific cytokines can illustrate the Th cells
- T cells only become activated after a co-stimulatory signal and the detection of
cytokines produced by the infected cell causing cytokine production by the T cell.
Tregs: regulates, controls and modulates the T-cells
- HIV infects Tregs → disruption of T-cell system
- Anti-inflammatory: suppression of inflammation/T-cell mediated immune response
o Produces IL-10 and TGF-
- Regulate Th cells → can change balance
- Tolerance induction
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