Antacids: weak bases that react with hydrochloric acid to form salt & water.
o Used in the treatment of Hyperacidity, GERD, PUD, hyperphosphatemia, and calcium deficiency
o Contain combinations of
metallic cation (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium)
and basic anion (hydroxi...
➢ Antacids: weak bases that react with hydrochloric acid to form salt & water.
o
Used in the treatment of Hyperacidity, GERD, PUD, hyperphosphatemia, and calcium deficiency
o
Contain combinations of
▪ metallic cation (aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium)
▪ and basic anion (hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, citrate, and trisilicate)
➢ Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacotherapeutics
o Neutralize Gastric Acidity (causes ^pH of the stomach and duodenal bulb)
o Inhibit proteolytic activity of pepsin
o Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
o Acid-neutralizing capacity ANC varies between products expressed in mEqs
o If ingested in a fasting state, antacids reduce acidity for approximately 20 to 40 minutes
o If taken 1 hr after a meal, acidity is reduced for 2 to 3 hrs
o A second dose taken after a meal maintains reduced acidity for more than 4 hrs after the meal
o The action of antacids occurs locally in the GI tract with minimal absorption, minimal metabolism
o ALL antacids are contraindicated in the presence of severe abdominal pain of unknown cause, especially if
accompanied by fever
-HIGH SODIUM content: pts w/ HTN, CHF, marked renal failure, or on low-sodium diets need to use low sodium
preparation
-Concurrent administration with enteric-coated drugs, destroys the coating= alters absorption, ^ the risk for
adverse effects
-Administrations should be separated by at least 2 hours to decrease drug/drug interactions
1. Calcium based antacids: TUMS, Caltrate, Calcarb
• Prescribed to treat calcium deficient states, i.e. chronic renal failure, post-menopause, and osteoporosis
• Used to bind phosphates in CRF
• Require Vitamin D for absorption from the GI tract
• Excreted mainly in feces, 20% in urine
• ADR: Contraindicated in the presence of hypercalcemia and renal calculi
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
• Administered 30min- 1hr on empty stomach or 3hr after meals
• Should not be administered with food containing large amounts of oxalic acid (spinach, rhubarb), or
phytic acid (bran, cereals), they decrease the absorption of calcium
• Taking w/ foods containing phosphorus (milk, dairy) can lead to milk-alkali syndrome (N/V, confusion,
headache).
• Taking with acidic fruit juice improve absorption
2. Aluminum based: AlternaGEL, Amphojel, Mylanta
• Inhibit smooth muscle contraction and slow gastric emptying
Aluminum is not easily • Used to bind phosphates in CRF
removed by dialysis b/c
it is bound to albumin • Not absorbable with routine use
& transferrin = do not • Aluminum concentrated in the CNS
cross dialysis
membrane • Bind with phosphate and excreted in feces
• Prolonged use in patients with renal failure may result in dialysis osteomalacia
o Aluminum deposits in bone and osteomalacia occurs
• Elevated aluminum tissue levels contribute to the development of dialysis encephalopathy
• Used to treat hyperphosphatemia in pts w/ renal failure & phosphate renal stone prevention
• Can cause constipation- increase bulk, fluids and mobility, stool softener
3. Magnesium based: Milk of mag, Maalox, Mylanta
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Milestonee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $26.82. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
