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Lecture notes of 8 pages for the course Introduction to Pyschology at (class notes)
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Week 4 NotesCircadian Rhythms:
Consciousness:
Continuous streams of:
Thoughts
Feelings
Sensations
Perceptions.
Altered states of consciousness:
Mental states other than ordinary waking consciousness.
Sleep, meditation.
Hypnosis or drug induced state.
Circadian rhythms:
Controlled by brain.
Within each 24 hour period, high to low points of bodily functions.
Example - blood pressure, heart rate, appetite, hormones, digestive enzymes, sensory
activity, elimination.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) - acts as biological clock in brain.
Jetlag:
Biological clock synced with usual time zone and not the new one.
Difficult to sleep when biological clock tells you to wake up and feel alert.
Chronic jet lag can produce memory deficits that may be permanent.
Shift work:
Rotating shifts and irregular schedules most common.
2.3 million full time Canadian workers.
Disruption in rhythms of bodily functions can cause a variety of physical and
psychological problems.
Problems with work.
Biological clock says sleep.
Energy, efficiency reach lowest point.
Slowest reaction time, less productivity.
, Job stress increases.
Sleep:
NREM sleep:
No rapid eye movement (NREM) (quiet sleep)
Heart rate and respiration slow, regular.
Little body movement.
Blood pressure, brain activity at lowest points of 24 hour period.
REM sleep:
REM - ‘rapid eye movement’ sleep (active sleep)
20-25% of adult sleep.
Intense brain activity.
Most dreaming occurs.
Blood pressure rises.
Heart rate, respiration fast and irregular.
Brain temperature increase.
Large muscles of body (arm, leg, trunk) become paralyzed.
Sleep Cycles:
Last 90 minutes
Stage 1 - light sleep - transition between waking and sleeping.
Stage 2 - 50% of sleep occurs; somewhat deeper than stage 1.
Stage 3 - deep sleep - slow-wave sleep; delta waves.
Stage 4 - deepest - lasts 40 minutes, over 50% delta waves.
After REM period, first cycle is complete
Directly from REM to stage 2 is sleep
REM then 2, 3, 4.
Begin cycle again.
REM sleep deprivation:
Sleep less, illness, alcohol, drugs.
Microsleeps:
2-3 second sleeps.
REM rebound:
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