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Summary of 6 pages for the course Introduction to Pyschology at (notes)
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Week 9 NotesSigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis -
Personality -
Individual’s unique characteristic patterns of behaving, thinking, feeling.
Psychoanalysis -
Therapy for psychological disorders.
A personality theory.
Freud and psychoanalysis
Three levels of awareness -
Consciousness -
Thoughts, feelings, sensations, memories we are aware of.
Preconscious -
Thoughts, feelings, memories we are not consciously aware of.
May be brought to consciousness.
Unconscious -
Considered by Freud as primary motivating force of behaviour.
Contains repressed memories, instincts, wishes, desires.
Never been allowed into consciousness.
Freud and psychoanalysis -
According to Freud, personality is composed of three structures of systems; the id, the
ego and the superego. Conceptualized here as parts of an iceberg, the id compeltey
unconscious is wholly submerged. The go is largely conscious and visible but partly
unconscious. The superego also operates at both the conscious and the unconscious
levels.
ID/EGO/SUPEREGO -
ID -
Present at birth, inherited, primitive, inaccessible, unconscious.
Contains life and death instincts.
Operates on pleasure principles, source of libido.
EGO -
Logical, rational, realistic, mostly conscious part of personality.
Operates according to reality principle.
, Considers constraints of real world to determine appropriate times, places, objects to
gratify id’s wishes.
SUPEREGO -
Formed at five or six years old, moral component of personality.
Conscience = punished behaviours and guilt.
Ego ideal = rewarded behaviours, pride and satisfaction.
Defence Mechanisms -
Often ego can relieve anxiety by solving problems rationally and directly.
When it cannot, uses irrational defences against anxiety called defence mechanisms.
Defends against anxiety, maints self-esteem, involves self-deception and distortion of
reality.
Types of Defence Mechanisms -
Repression
Projection
Denial
Rationalisation
Regression
Reaction formation
Displacement
Sublimation
Pyschosexual stages -
Sexual instinct develops
Each stage defined by erogenous zone that becomes centre of pleasures and conflicts.
Fixation - arrested development at psychosexual stage occurring due to unresolved
conflicts at that stage.
Neo - Freudians -
Carl Jung -
Middle age important for personality development.
Personal unconscious -
All experiences, thoughts, perceptions accessible to conscious.
Also repressed memories, wishes, impulses.
Collective unconscious -
Most inaccessible layer of unconscious.
Universal experiences.
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