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Samenvatting: Vormgeving: print en web 1
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Samenvatting van het vak Vormgeving: print en web 1. Delen trends en stijlen, fotografie en typografie.
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SAMENVATTING VORMGEVING PRINT & WEB 1HOOFSTUK 0: 1850 – 1900: DE EEUW VD INDUSTRIËLE REVOLUTIE ................................................................ 4
VICTORIAANSE STIJL - 19E EEUW ................................................................................................................................. 4
ARTS AND CRAFTS - EINDE 19DE – BEGIN 20STE EEUW (1880-1910) ............................................................................... 4
ARCHITECTUUR ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
REALISME - EINDE 19DE – BEGIN 20STE EEUW (1880-1915) .......................................................................................... 5
IMPRESSIONISME ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
KENMERKEN ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
HOOFDSTUK 1: 1880 – 1910: DE EEUWWISSELLING ......................................................................................... 6
ARTS NOUVEAU – EINDE 20STE EEUW ........................................................................................................................... 6
POST IMPRESSIONISME.............................................................................................................................................. 7
HOOFSTUK 2: 1914-1918: EERSTE WERELDOORLOG ........................................................................................ 8
VROEG-MODERNISME ............................................................................................................................................... 8
DEUTSCHER WERKBUND ........................................................................................................................................... 8
PLAKATSTIL OF ‘POSTERSTIJL’ ...................................................................................................................................... 8
EXPRESSIONISME ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
MODERNISME ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
KUBISME ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
FUTURISME............................................................................................................................................................. 9
DADAÏSME 1916 ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
HOOFDSTUK 3: 1918 – 1939: HET INTERBELLUM ........................................................................................... 10
BAUHAUS 1919-1933 ........................................................................................................................................... 10
DE STIJL 1917- 1931 ............................................................................................................................................ 10
CONSTRUCTIVISME 1921- 1932 .............................................................................................................................. 11
ART DECO 1925-1939 .......................................................................................................................................... 11
SUREALISME ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
HOOFDSTUK 4: JAREN 40: DE TWEEDE WERELDOORLOG .............................................................................. 12
HEROÏSCH REALISME ............................................................................................................................................... 12
ARCHITECTUUR ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
NEOCLASSICISTISCHE STIJL ........................................................................................................................................ 12
FUNCTIONELE BOUWSTIJL ........................................................................................................................................ 12
BEELDENDE KUNST ................................................................................................................................................. 13
ENTARTETE KUNST.................................................................................................................................................. 13
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISME ..................................................................................................................................... 13
ACTION PAINTING .................................................................................................................................................. 13
COLOURFIELD PAINTING .......................................................................................................................................... 13
HOOFDSTUK 5: JAREN 50: ONTSTAAN VAN DE MODERNE WELVAART .......................................................... 14
STREAMLINING OF STROOMLIJNEN ............................................................................................................................. 14
SCANDINAVIAN DESIGN ........................................................................................................................................... 14
JAREN 50 TYPOGRAFIE EN ARCHITECTUUR ................................................................................................................... 14
COBRA 1948-1951 ............................................................................................................................................... 14
HOOFDSTUK 6: JAREN 60: DE SWINGING SIXTIES .......................................................................................... 15
POPART ............................................................................................................................................................... 15
OPART ................................................................................................................................................................. 15
PSYCHEDELICA ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
JAREN 60 ARCHITECTUUR ........................................................................................................................................ 16
HOOFDSTUK 7: JAREN 70: PERIODE VAN DE ANTIBEWEGING ........................................................................ 17
POSTMODERNISME................................................................................................................................................. 17
PUNKBEWEGING .................................................................................................................................................... 17
1
, ANTIDESIGN .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
POSTMODERNISTISCHE ARCHITECTUUR ....................................................................................................................... 17
LAND ART ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
HOOFDSTUK 8: JAREN 80: BLOEIPERIODE VAN HET POSTMODERNISME ....................................................... 18
CALIFORNIA NEW WAVE ......................................................................................................................................... 18
MEMPHIS ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
KEITH HARING ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
HOOFDSTUK 9: JAREN 90: A ROUGH WORLD – PERIODE VAN GRUNGE ......................................................... 19
DECONSTRUCTIVISME ............................................................................................................................................. 19
SENSATIONALISME ................................................................................................................................................. 19
1 TECHNIEK VAN DE FOTOGRAFIE ................................................................................................................. 20
SCHERPSTELLEN ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
LENS EN OBJECTIEF ................................................................................................................................................. 20
DIAFRAGMA ................................................................................................................................................. 21
SCHERPTEDIEPTE .................................................................................................................................................... 22
SLUITER EN SLUITERTIJD ........................................................................................................................................... 22
DIAFRAGMA EN SLUITERTIJD ..................................................................................................................................... 22
2 COMPOSITIE .............................................................................................................................................. 23
ELEMENTEN VAN EEN COMPOSITIE ............................................................................................................................. 23
ELEMENTEN TOEPASSEN IN DE COMPOSITIE ................................................................................................................. 23
PERSPECTIEF EN OPNAMEHOEK ................................................................................................................................. 23
1 TYPOGRAFIE .............................................................................................................................................. 25
LETTERS ............................................................................................................................................................... 25
DE MATEN VAN LETTERS .......................................................................................................................................... 25
CLASSIFICATIE VAN LETTERTYPEN ............................................................................................................................... 26
WANNEER SCHREEFLETTERTYPEN GEBRUIKEN? ............................................................................................. 26
WANNEER SCHREEFLOZE LETTERTYPEN GEBRUIKEN? ............................................................................................. 27
WANNEER SCHRIFTLETTERTYPEN GEBRUIKEN? ............................................................................................ 27
ZINNEN ................................................................................................................................................................ 27
TEKST LIJNEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
TYPO VOOR HET SCHERM ......................................................................................................................................... 28
TEKST OP HET SCHERM ............................................................................................................................................ 28
2 LAY-OUT .................................................................................................................................................... 29
DE 4 BASISPRINCIPES ......................................................................................................................................... 29
2
, Deel 1: Trends en stijlen
Beeldanalyse
Stappenplan bij trends en stijlen.
1 Wat
Wat is er te zien?
Figuratief: met een duidelijke verwijzing naar de realiteit of naar elementen uit de realiteit zoals wij die zien
(vb. impressionisme, surrealisme, pop art)
Gestileerd: stijlvoller weergegeven dan de realiteit (vb. art nouveau)
Defiguratief: een sterk vervormde weergave van de realiteit (vb. kubisme)
Abstract: zonder enige herkenbare link naar de realiteit zoals wij die zien (vb. Kandinsky binnen expressionisme).
Wat is het?
Tweedimensionaal = plat, alleen hoogte en breedte vb: schilderij, foto, affiche…
Driedimensionaal = vorm, ook diepte vb: gebouw, juweel, meubel…
Binnen welke categorie?
Kunst = artistieke betekenis primeert, ‘kunst om de kunst’ vb: kunstfotografie, beeldhouwen…
Toegepaste kunst = esthetisch functioneel vb: affiche, auto, meubels…
2 Hoe
Hoe is het werk gemaakt?
Welke technieken, welke materialen, welk gereedschap, welke werkwijze paste de ontwerper toe?
Welke aspecten ontdek je, wat heeft de nadruk?
• wat springt het meest in het oog?
• wat intrigeert je het meeste?
Bij tweedimensionale beelden → we spreken van ‘beeldaspecten’
Bij driedimensionale beelden → we spreken van ‘vormaspecten’
Vb. beeld- en vormaspecten: - Licht: natuurlijk of kunstmatig,…
- Kleur: contrasten, helder of donker,…
- Ruimte en vorm: dichtbij/veraf, perspectief, statisch/dynamisch,…
3 Waarom
Pas als je alle beeldelementen van het werk besproken hebt, kan je overgaan tot interpretatie. Je
vernoemt de stijl waartoe het werk behoort. En beantwoord volgende vragen:
• Wat probeert de ontwerper duidelijk te maken
• Heeft het werk een politieke betekenis
• Is er een boodschap? Voor wie is het ontwerp gemaakt
• Brengt de ontwerper kritiek uit
• Wat is de sociaal/historische achtergrond en kan je het werk daarmee in verband brengen
3
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