Class notes
Individuals to Society Psychology - Full Module Lecture Notes
- Course
- Institution
Individuals to Society Psychology - Full Module Lecture Notes
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Kayleigh95
Content preview
Individuals to society, Heather.Trait theories – the big five – EXAM!!
Important – problems with intelligence testing, exam? Biases in intelligence testing, gender
and cultural biases
Important to know difference between trait and type theories
Big five – what is it? How does it work? Central factors? Critiques?
Important - different perspectives of explaining personality
Important – nature and nurture, seminar information for personality, biological and
environment, biological vs psychological theories of personality– EXAM!!
Types vs traits: personality tests either look at types or traits, types – group into categories
dependent on behaviour, trait – different levels of expression of a particular characteristics,
continuum.
Type approach: either one of the other, going to concentrate of trait approach.
Type A and B: originally measured on a scale of responses to a personality questionnaire,
type a – high on competitiveness, self critical, strive towards goals with feeling of
achievement rather than enjoyment, sense of urgency with time, stressed, easily aroused to
things related to aggression. Type b – not feeling stress, time constraints or pressures.
Importance of type a or b findings – particularly related to heart disease and other health
related issues, type may affect coping strategies and thus recovery, type b – acceptance
based coping, let things happen and unfold without intervention, type a – knowledge
seeking.
Type c: ?? Brief
But: there are real differences between type a and type b however there are other types of
people who do not fall into either discrete category.
Trait theory assumption: suggests personality is composed of dispositions and allows for
individual differences in personality. Good at predicting behaviours as suggests it is stable
over time and situations.
Lexical hypothesis: ..
Allport: words to describe personality traits and characteristics. Trait theory aimed to apply
all these words to individuals to describe them, become synonymous with qualities of the
words. Central traits – general, secondary traits – related to attitudes and preferences, may
change across time and situations and mood, Cardinal traits – integral to person.
Allport important??
Cattell - ..
, Eysenck, super traits: narrowed it down either further, extra version, neuroticism,
psychoticism. Biological component.
Pen model: ?
Psychopathy: ted bundy,why do some develop this type of personality? Interaction between
three main factors, biological dysfunctions – brain trauma, injury, genetic disposition,
sociopsychological traumas.
Criminal psychopaths: ..
Traits: dark triad, often studied using twin studies to see if there is a genetic link in
psychopathy.
The big five: - EXAM!! Cattell 16 too many, Eysenck three not enough, big five came forward
to give a more sound and clear distinction of personality traits.
Five factor model: do draw upon previous models, e.g. Extra version and neuroticism.
Personality test: …
Application: neuroticism – self protecting behaviours. Way that people form attachments
may be linked to the personality traits they later go on to develop, not as powerful as
original attachment styles.
Evaluating: EXAM!! More detail, describe trait theories and advantages/disadvantages.
Women more agreeable, men more neurotic, men less extroverted, men less assertive,
women become more dominant etc…from that specific research.
Use personality tests in recruitment as a psychometric test.
Important: big five and evaluations of approaches, differences between type and trait.
Intelligence
Galton: …
Binet: ….
Terman:…
IQ: iq and intelligence often used synonymously. Average 85-115.
Spearman: …
Measuring iq, WAIS: verbal – cognitively based measures, two contracts that have been
theoretically linked to verbal iq. Working memory – memory with tasks we are currently
engaged with.
Ravens: based on general intelligence abilities. Culturally unbiased tests of intelligence as it
doesn't rely on language.
Cattell: crystallised – difficult to avoid cultural bias as it is based on experiences. Fluid is less
susceptible to cultural bias.
Gardner: …
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Kayleigh95. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53340 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now