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English grammar in the second half (full).
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GRAMMAIREI. Les prépositions et postpositions
Les prépositions
I suggest you abstain from moralizing with me.
Look at this !
Look into my eyes.
This pond abounds with/in fish
He was furious about it.
She was both amazed and amused at so much kindness
The company have set about redefining their priorities
The president's wife was happy with just accompanying him.
I disapprove of people disposing of their garbage in the wilderness.
Elles sont places derrière un verbe ou un adjectif.
Elles permettent d’introduire un complément.
Elles sont suivies par un nom, un groupe nominal, un pronom ou un
gérondif (Ving : verbe nominalisé, a la même valeur qu’un nom).
Elles vont parfois modifier le sens d’un adjectif. Ex: The president’s wife
was happy with… (elle n’est pas heureuse de, elle s’en accommode).
Les postpositions
1.
Comparez :
the earth goes round1 the sun we've been going round in circles since
we started “round” ne determine
aucune position ; ce n’est pas une
préposition : Il ne peut pas y avoir deux
prépositions à la suite. Préposition = “in”.
she passed out shortly as she hit the
floor but came round after a few seconds
He knocked on the door. He knocked out his opponent / he
knocked his opponent out with a single
blow “out” c’est l’idée de perdre
conscience.
"Do you mind if I have a bite of your ice
cream ?"-"Knock yourself out, it's
delicious !"
Préposition : Après un verbe, avant un Je peux placer la postposition après le
groupe nominal. complément d’objet, ou après le verbe
(mais n’introduit pas de complément).
,2.
They always take on more workers during the harvest. / He always tried to stare
down his opponent before taking him on.
Ils embauchent toujours plus de travailleurs au moment des récoltes.
(« take on » synonyme de « hire »)
Il essayait toujours d’intimider/de faire baisser la tête à son adversaire
avant de l’affronter.
He gets about a good deal
There were books lying about
Il est par monts et par vaux.
Il y avait des livres qui trainaient (ça et là).
Take all these papers away
Fire away !
Enlève tous ces papiers. (idée d’éloignement)
Feu à volonté !
Les particules ne sont pas utilisées dans le même sens.
3.
I drive in England. / I drive in a nail.
Preposition: I drive in England (je conduis en Angleterre)
Postposition: I drive in a nail (j’enfonce un clou).
4.
The lights came on (contrary: off); the lights went out (contrary: in). Exception.
Les lumières se sont allumées.
Les lumières se sont éteintes.
5.
Translate :
As the storm blew over, they ascertained that none of the boats had capsized or
gone under.
Quand la tempête se dissipa, ils s’assurèrent qu’aucun des bateaux
n’avaient chaviré ou sombré.
Turn over the page if your want to know what happens next.
Tourne la page si tu veux connaître la suite.
She gave in after much talking.
Elle céda après de longues discussions.
He gave out after much fighting.
Il a flanché non sans avoir livré un combat acharné.
He is the one who gave out the news that they were going to be redeployed to
another production facility.
C’est lui qui a annoncé/annonça les nouvelles comme quoi ils allaient
être redéployés vers d’autres sites de production.
Just as they were about to give him up as lost, he reappeared.
A peine s’étaient-ils résignés à le laisser pour mort qu’il réapparut.
, Too much food is thrown away every day.
Trop de nourriture est jetée tous les jours.
The light faded out and his dark figure appeared on stage.
La lumière s’éteignit doucement/s’évanouit et sa sombre silhouette
apparut sur scène.
You should eat more: you're fading away!
Tu devrais manger plus : tu t’étioles.
They have just set forth a plan to slim down the company's workforce
Ils ont mis en place un plan pour réduire l’effectif.
The pilot set the plane down hard
Le pilote posa brutalement l’appareil.
He'll never sell out!
Pas de danger qu’il perde son publique.
6.
Look up the following verbs in the dictionary, and study their meanings carefully
according to the adverbial particles used in conjunction with them:
come, go, get, bring, give, take, put, run, set, tell
Then write a sentence with each of them, using a different adverbial particle of your
choice in each case:
Example: I don’t understand how he came about Je n’ai pas compris comment
ça s’est produit.
- The discovery of Penicillin came about quite by accident.
- He goes away from the nurse.
- Go/Get back where you started from.
- We got by without our books.
- For Christmas, the whole family was brought together.
- If you have any spare copy, bring it along tomorrow.
- Give me my money back.
- Take off your coat.
- Put your shoes on.
- Put/Take this garbage away for me.
- You should not run away from your responsibilities.
- I set up my business two years ago.
- I have told her off.
Postpositions :
Exemples tirés de "The Veldt", de Ray Bradbury (1950)
Rouge = verbe à particule, postposition
He didn't answer Lydia. Preoccupied, he let the lights glow softly on ahead of him,
extinguish behind him as he padded to the nursery door.
"Matter of fact, we're thinking of turning the whole house off for about a month. Live
sort of a carefree one-for-all existence.
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