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,Comprehensive summary - Personology Edition 4
Summaries made from Text Book:
Personology
From individual to ecosystem
Fourth Edition
WF Meyer, C Moore, HG Viljoen
, Self-Concept Theory – Viktor Frankl (1905-1997)
Background - Page 436
Worked as professor of Neurology an psychiatry in Vienna
Contemplated the meaning and purpose of human existence
Opposed ideas that humans are mere mechanisms or animals
Was a student of Freud and Adler
He believed that as human being we are primarily motivated by a will to meaning
Own school of thought called logo therapy, known as the third Viennese school of
psychotherapy
Jewish prisoner in several Nazi camps(having something to live for was what enable
prisoners to hold on to the will to live)
Transcendental vision of being encompasses a great deal more than Maslow’s theory of
self-actualisation
Unusually positive perspective, believed in indestructible significance of life
Death is the boundary which makes life a unique, unrepeatable opportunity, life is given to
us so that we can find meaning, even in suffering
View of the person underlying the theory – Page 438
We have been given freedom to be able to exercise responsibility,
To live life beyond mere animal existence,
To live on a dimension of meaning in releasing timeless values as these emanate from a
divine Trans human dimension,
To live highly personalized lives as we (uniquely) embrace the opportunities and fulfill the
tasks that life presents to each one of us
Freedom to be responsible – Page 439
Person is not merely a highly dev eloped animal shaped by the forces of heredity and the
environment but the human person is primarily a spiritual being – a being that has
freedom and responsibility
We are also not compelled to behave in any particular way, we can say YES or NO
Because of this freedom to make choices we cannot ascribe our behaviour to
conditioning or drives, but must take responsibility for making those choices and taking
responsibility = noögenic dimension = makes us human
Level of being beyond animal existence – Page 439
True fulfillment is hardly possible without a sense of purpose (spiritual direction) in life – the
struggle to find and experience this MEANING in life = the opportunity presented to and
discerned by us through our conscience as something we are to realise or to grasp in
each and every unique situation of our own personal lives
It is true that on a physical and crude psychosocial level we have much in common with
the animal, but we also have properties NOT shared by animals
Being a person is distinguished by the radical transcendence of the biopsychical, and
social faculties and a combination thereof
Self-transcendence = the freedom to rise above conditions and being able to think and
do something about them
When we achieve psychological and spiritual maturity the will to meaning will be stronger
that any other motivation
We want to know, we will make sacrifices, and devote ourselves to a cause
Transhuman Dimension – Page 440
Meaning is something that exist in an objective sense and is phenomenologically proven
by the fact that in life we feel addresses by our conscience, called upon to act
responsibly
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