Unit 3, controlling the rates, chemical energy, equilibrium, getting the most of reactants and chemical industry
Summary
Higher Chemistry SQA unit 3 Summary notes
251 views 0 purchase
Course
Unit 3, controlling the rates, chemical energy, equilibrium, getting the most of reactants and chemical industry
Institution
AQA
this document is notes created by me during my study of SQA higher chemistry. the notes are neat and layed out so save paper and space. the notes come along with picture diagrams and dont have any highlighting so you can do your own. it has explanations of concepts, calculations and a list of vario...
Unit 3, controlling the rates, chemical energy, equilibrium, getting the most of reactants and chemical industry
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
racheljohnstone
Content preview
HIGHER
CHEMISTRY
Teacher:
Location:
, Table of contents
.................................................................................................. 1
Chemistry in society ..................................................... 4
Controlling the rates ................................................................... 4
Factors that affect the rate of reaction ................................................................................................................................... 4
Catalysts .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Calculating the average rate of reaction.................................................................................................................................. 5
Calculating the relative rate ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Collision theory.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Collision geometry ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Reaction profiles .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Exothermic Reactions .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Endothermic reactions............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Potential energy diagrams.................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Reversible Reactions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Activation energy ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
The activated complex ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Temperature and kinetic energy ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Catalysts and Potential energy diagrams................................................................................................................................. 8
Catalysts and energy distribution ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Chemical Energy ............................................................................. 8
Bonds ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Measuring enthalpy changes ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Enthalpy of combustion of alcohols ............................................................................................................................................... 9
Bond enthalpies ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Equilibrium ........................................................................................... 9
Le chatliers principle ...............................................................................................................................................................................10
Changing the concentration ...............................................................................................................................................................10
Changing the temperature ..................................................................................................................................................................10
,Changing the pressure ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Catalysts effect on equilibrium ......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Getting the most from reactants ....................................... 12
Avogadro’s constant .............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Mole ratios ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Molar gas volume calculations ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Calculating the excess reactant ....................................................................................................................................................13
Calculating the limiting reactant.....................................................................................................................................................13
Percentage yield .........................................................................................................................................................................................13
Atom economy ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Chemical industry ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Factors that affect the rate of
reaction
- Temperature of the experiment
The higher the temperature, the more
particles will have the activation energy
- Particle size of the reactant
required for reaction to occur.
The smaller the particles, the faster the
Higher temperature also causes
reaction because smaller particles
molecules to move faster which leads
provide more surface area.
to more collisions.
(The rate of reaction doubles for every
10°c increase in temperature.)
- Concentration of the reactant
The higher the concentration, the faster
the reaction because there will be more
particles crowded into a smaller
volume, so particles are more likely to - The use of a catalyst
collide with each other.
Catalyst lower the activation energy
required for a reaction to occur
meaning less energy is needed by
particles to cause a reaction.
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller racheljohnstone. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.86. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
