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College aantekeningen Politicologie: Een Algemene Inleiding
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Samenvatting met de slides , eigen aantekeningen en het deel zelfstudie uit het boek (deel van hoofdstuk 3).
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Samenvatting PoliticologieSamenvatting Politicologie.....................................................................................................................1
24 september – Les 1..........................................................................................................................6
Wat is politiek?...............................................................................................................................6
Variaties in politiek.........................................................................................................................6
Het onderscheid tussen “burgerlijk” en “politiek”......................................................................7
Politisering en depolitisering......................................................................................................7
Politieke wetenschap......................................................................................................................7
Instrumenten van de politieke wetenschap...................................................................................8
1 oktober – Les 2................................................................................................................................9
Macht en gezag..............................................................................................................................9
Wat is macht?.................................................................................................................................9
Antwoord 1: Max Weber............................................................................................................9
Antwoord 2: Robert Dahl..........................................................................................................10
Antwoord 3: Steven Lukes........................................................................................................10
Wat is hegemonie?...............................................................................................................10
Wat is gezag?................................................................................................................................10
De centraliteit van de staat...........................................................................................................11
Definitie van de staat................................................................................................................11
De ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................11
De grondwet.............................................................................................................................12
De oorsprong van de politiek........................................................................................................13
8 oktober – Les 3..............................................................................................................................14
Conflict en politiek........................................................................................................................14
Politieke breuklijnen.................................................................................................................14
Ideologieën...............................................................................................................................14
Klassieke breuklijnmodellen.........................................................................................................15
Klassiek model volgens Lipset & Rokkan...................................................................................15
Links versus rechts....................................................................................................................15
Freezing hypothesis..................................................................................................................19
15 oktober – Les 4............................................................................................................................19
Nieuwe breuklijnen......................................................................................................................19
Silent revolution.......................................................................................................................19
EU als nieuwe centrum-periferie breuklijn?.............................................................................20
Wat zien we..............................................................................................................................20
1|Pagina
, Conclusie..................................................................................................................................20
Wat is democratie?.......................................................................................................................21
Is de democratie in gevaar?......................................................................................................21
Waarom is democratie zo wenselijk?.......................................................................................21
Welke vormen van democratieën zijn er?....................................................................................22
Directe democratie...................................................................................................................22
Vertegenwoordigende democratie...........................................................................................22
Participatieve democratie.........................................................................................................23
29 oktober – Les 5............................................................................................................................23
Wat is beleid?...............................................................................................................................23
Beleid als uitkomst....................................................................................................................24
Beleid als proces.......................................................................................................................24
Wat is de beleidscyclus.................................................................................................................24
Agenda setting..........................................................................................................................24
Beleidsvoorbereiding................................................................................................................25
Besluitvorming..........................................................................................................................25
Implementatie..........................................................................................................................26
Beleidsevaluatie........................................................................................................................26
Wat zijn de verschillende bestuursstijlen?....................................................................................26
Wat zijn de functies van administraties, en hoe zijn ze georganiseerd?.......................................27
Wat is het verschil tussen politici en ambtenaren........................................................................27
Hoeveel macht hebben administraties? En hoe kunnen we die controleren?.............................27
5 november – Les 6...........................................................................................................................28
Wat is politieke participatie?........................................................................................................28
Welke patronen bestaan in politieke participatie?.......................................................................28
Wat zijn pressiegroepen en sociale bewegingen en hoe functioneren ze?..................................29
Hoe functioneren pressiegroepen?..........................................................................................29
Zijn pressiegroepen en sociale bewegingen een goede zaak voor de democratie?......................30
Wat is het belang van politieke cultuur?......................................................................................30
12 november – Les 7.........................................................................................................................31
Wat zijn politieke partijen?...........................................................................................................31
Hoe hebben partijen zich historisch ontwikkeld?.........................................................................31
Kaderpartij................................................................................................................................31
Massapartij...............................................................................................................................31
Volkspartij of catch-all partij.....................................................................................................32
Moderne kaderpartij of kartelpartij..........................................................................................32
2|Pagina
, Hoe kunnen we partijen classificeren?.........................................................................................32
Classificatie op basis van organisatie........................................................................................32
Classificatie op basis van ideologie...........................................................................................32
Classificatie op basis van strategie............................................................................................33
Wat zijn partijsystemen en welke verschillende partijsystemen bestaan er?...............................33
Eénpartijsysteem......................................................................................................................34
Dominante-partijsysteem.........................................................................................................34
Tweepartijensysteem...............................................................................................................34
Meerpartijensysteem...............................................................................................................34
Is één systeem beter dan de ander?.........................................................................................34
Hoe beweeglijk is het partijlandschap?........................................................................................35
19 november – Les 8.........................................................................................................................35
Wat zijn democratische verkiezingen en welke functies vervullen ze?.........................................35
Wie mag en gaat (niet) stemmen?................................................................................................35
Hoe kunnen we kiessystemen classificeren..................................................................................36
Plurality: First past the post......................................................................................................36
Plurinominaal: winner takes it all.............................................................................................37
Absolute meerderheid in twee ronden.....................................................................................37
Proportionele systemen...........................................................................................................37
Welke kandidaten zijn gekozen?..................................................................................................37
Wat zijn de gevolgen van kiessystemen?......................................................................................38
26 november – Restant les 8............................................................................................................38
Hoe kunnen we stemgedrag verklaren?.......................................................................................38
26 november – Les 9.........................................................................................................................38
Wat verstaan we onder ‘scheiding der machten’?.......................................................................38
Hoe organiseren parlementen zich?.............................................................................................39
Welke functies vervullen parlementen?.......................................................................................39
Representatie...........................................................................................................................39
Wetgevende functie.................................................................................................................40
Deliberatieve functie................................................................................................................40
Controle functie........................................................................................................................40
Hoe verhoudt het parlement zich tot de regering?......................................................................40
Parlementaire systemen...........................................................................................................40
Presidentiële systemen.............................................................................................................41
Semi presidentiële systemen....................................................................................................41
3 december – Restant les 9..............................................................................................................41
3|Pagina
, Hoe worden regeringen gevormd?...............................................................................................41
Hoe worden meerderheid coalitieregeringen gevormd?..........................................................41
Welke vorm en functie nemen staatshoofd en regering aan?......................................................42
Staatshoofd...............................................................................................................................42
Regeringsleider.........................................................................................................................42
Federale regering in België.......................................................................................................42
3 december – Les 10.........................................................................................................................42
Staat de staat onder druk?...........................................................................................................42
Welke vormen van territoriale organisatie bestaan er?...............................................................42
Hoe ontstaan federaties?.............................................................................................................43
Wat zijn voor- en nadelen van federalisme?............................................................................43
Het ontstaan van de Belgische federale staat...........................................................................43
Hoe worden bevoegdheden verdeeld in federale staten?............................................................43
Hoe worden conflicten opgelost?.................................................................................................44
Welke positie hebben lokale besturen?.......................................................................................44
10 december – Les 11.......................................................................................................................44
De Europese Unie: een nieuw politiek systeem?..........................................................................44
Intergouvernementele versus supranationale assen van de Europese Unie............................45
De geschiedenis van Europese integratie en uitbreiding..............................................................45
De instellingen en werking van de Europese Unie........................................................................47
De Europese Raad.....................................................................................................................47
De Europese Commissie...........................................................................................................47
De Raad van de Europese Unie.................................................................................................47
Het Europees Parlement...........................................................................................................47
Het Europees Hof van Justitie...................................................................................................48
Verdeling van bevoegdheden...................................................................................................48
De Europese Unie, een democratie?............................................................................................48
De crises van de Europese Unie....................................................................................................49
De Europese Unie: een nieuw politiek systeem?..........................................................................49
De toekomst van de Europese Unie..............................................................................................50
17 december – Les 12.......................................................................................................................50
Wat is ‘internationale betrekkingen’ (IB)?....................................................................................50
Waarom een subdiscipline IB?......................................................................................................51
Wat zijn de belangrijkste theorieën IB?........................................................................................51
Realisme...................................................................................................................................52
Idealisme..................................................................................................................................53
4|Pagina
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