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Level 3 Applied Science Unit 12 Assignment C
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This assignment is graded distinction. Level 3 Applied Science Unit 12 C NQF
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Describe the method available to treat a type of infectious disease.HIV is a virus that damages the cells and immune system. It is spread in many different ways
because it is in the blood and body fluids. For example through sexual contact (semen and
vaginal fluid), breast milk, blood and the lining inside the anus Therefore to reduce the spread of
HIV, needles should not be shared, and condoms should be used throughout sexual activities.
HIV is a long term, lifelong condition, and although there is no cure, there are treatments for
patients to be able to live a healthy life. Moreover, there are 3 stages of HIV. Stage 1 is the first
stage, when it has been a few weeks since the patient was transmitted with HIV, which can be
also known as an acute stage. Stage 2 is the chronic stage, which is when a patient has had
HIV for a long period of time, (around 10 years or more) and Stage 3 is when the patient gets
AIDS. Moreover, there are many types of treatments used to keep the body in a stable and
healthy condition. The main treatment used is Antiretrovirals. These are used to ensure the
virus doesn’t replicate in the body, therefore the immune system has less damage. Moreover,
many people who test positive for HIV take between 1 and 4 tablets a day, and different
medicines work for different people, therefore an individual's medication shouldn’t be shared. In
addition, there can be treatments, such as inhalers, nasal sprays and herbal remedies, and the
GP or the health advisors at clinics will help to ensure patients get the treatment that is best for
the individual. There are emergency HIV drugs, for instance post-exposure prophylaxis
medication can stop patients from becoming infected if they think they have the virus, however,
this must be taken within 72 hours of contact, and it has to be taken every day for 28 days,
although it can cause side effects, such as sickness, nausea and diarrhea. This treatment can
be given at health clinics and at A and E in hospitals. Also,
treatment is delivered in a variety of different ways, for example,
orally, intravenously and intramuscularly. One treatment that is
taken orally is the antiretrovirals, which are tablets or capsules
taken daily. One treatment that is taken intravenously is a toxoid
vaccine. This will deliver an inactivated toxin fluid into the vein,
this is a safe and effective way to prevent the HIV from
replicating in the body. This method can be completed in health
clinics and hospitals. Moreover, one treatment that is
taken intramuscularly is the seattle injection, which is a
monthly injection, with two drugs, which are cabotegravir
and rilpivirine. This is an injection inserted into the
muscles, however, there is an oral alternative that can
also be taken daily, which is a three drug oral treatment of
HIV, which is a preference by patients.
Analyse different treatment methods to combat
disease processes.
Treatment Information about the treatment
Anti Virals Antiviral drugs are orally taken medicine used to treat viral infections,
and most antivirals treat against certain viruses, however some
antivirals are effective against a variety of different viruses. Antiviral
drugs are used to prevent the development of a virus, such as HIV,
therefore they don’t destroy and cure the virus. In addition, antivirals
are harmless to the host so they are able to be used to treat
, infections. The side effects of antivirals are, nausea, diarrhea,
vomiting, headache, dizziness and muscle pains.
Antiretrovirals Antiretrovirals use a combination of drugs, therefore together it stops
HIV from creating copies of itself, and the amount of virus in the body
will stay low and the immune system will also stay strong, by keeping
it low in the body, this will prevent the virus from being spread. In
addition, although it doesn’t cure the virus, it controls it. If the
treatment isn’t taken, the virus in the body will be high, and patients
with HIV will become ill due to the immune system becoming
damaged over time.
Antibiotics Antibiotics are medicines that are taken orally, through liquids,
capsules or tablets, but they can also be creams, lotions, sprays,
drops and injections in some occasions, to treat and prevent some
bacterial infections. They are used to kill bacteria and prevent them
from spreading. However, they are unable to treat everything, such
as a cold and the common flu, and some bacterial infections end up
getting better on their own. They are effective in treating chest
infections, urinary tract infections and meningitis. However,there are
some side effects of antibiotics, for instance, being sick and feeling
sick, bloating and indigestion and diarrhoea.
Immunoglobulins Immunoglobulins are the antibodies in the body, and are produced by
the white blood cells to fight off infections. They are produced by the
B cells, and are the critical part for the immune system to respond,
recognise and bind antigens, for example, bacterial or viral infections.
However, some people are unable to produce immunoglobulins,
therefore they may need immunoglobulin replacement therapy. This
ensures that the body uses antibodies from another individual’s blood
plasma, which is purified so no diseases are passed on, to help
prevent illness.
Oral rehydration therapy Oral rehydration therapy is the replacement of fluid, and is commonly
used to prevent and treat dehydration. It works by patients drinking
water with some amounts of sugar and salts (mainly containing
sodium and potassium) and zinc supplements. The use of oral
rehydration therapy has reduced the risk of death from diarrhea by
around 90%. However,this has some side effects, for instance, being
sick, high blood sodium and high blood potassium.
Anti malaria Antimalarial medicine is usually an oral treatment commonly used to
prevent and treat malaria and they should be taken when travelling to
areas where there's a risk of malaria, this is because they can reduce
the risk of malaria by around 90%. Also, the dose taken will depend
on the individual taking the medication. Usually, the adult dose is 1
adult strength tablet a day and the child dosage is also once a day,
however, it also depends on the child's weight. In addition, for
effectiveness, they should be started at least 2 days before travelling
and taken everyday until 7 days after return. However, some of the
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