Summary
Samenvatting Plantgezondheid / Fytopathologie (jaar 2, blok 3)
Institution
HAS Den Bosch (HAS)
Deze samenvatting bevat alle informatie uit de hoorcolleges en leesstof van het vak Plantgezondheid / Fytopathologie. Het bevat o.a. de volgende onderdelen:
- Resistentie
- Plantenziektenkunde
- Protisten
- Pathogeniteitsfactor
- infectie- en levenscyclus van pathogenen
- Quarantaine, bacter...
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January 28, 2021
Number of pages
71
Written in
2019/2020
Type
Summary
fytopathologie
plantgezondheid
resistentie
gewasbescherming
ipm
biologische bestrijding
chemische bestrijding
insecten
plagen
waardplanten
plaaginsecten
virussen
bacteriën
protisten
infecties
vruchtwi
Institution
HAS Den Bosch (HAS)
Education
Toegepaste Biologie
Course
Plantgezondheid
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2020
Samenvatting Fytopathologie
Shannon Roosenburg
HAS hogeschool
Blok 3 Jaar 2
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoorcollege 1: Inleiding en resistentie ................................................................................................... 5
Het belang van plantenziektenkunde ................................................................................................. 5
1. Voorkomen van opbrengstderving ............................................................................................. 5
2. Voorkomen van aantasting van landschap ................................................................................. 6
3. Bevorderen/beschermen van volks- en diergezondheid ............................................................ 7
Plantenziektendriehoek ...................................................................................................................... 7
Plantenziektenkunde .......................................................................................................................... 8
1. Abiotische veroorzakers.......................................................................................................... 8
2. Biotische veroorzakers ............................................................................................................ 8
Saprofyten (paddenstoelensoort) ................................................................................................... 9
Pathogenen ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Resistentie....................................................................................................................................... 9
Werking van verticale resistentie: ................................................................................................ 11
Resistentie, vatbaarheid, gevoeligheid en tolerantie ................................................................... 13
Hoorcollege 2: Protisten ....................................................................................................................... 15
Infectie- en levenscyclus van pathogenen ........................................................................................ 15
Kieming en adhesie: ...................................................................................................................... 15
Pathogeniteitsfactoren ................................................................................................................. 15
Binnendringen schimmels ............................................................................................................. 16
Levenscyclus schimmels................................................................................................................ 16
Belang kennis over levenscycli ...................................................................................................... 17
Levenscycli protisten en schimmels .............................................................................................. 17
Levenscycli van protisten .................................................................................................................. 18
Plasmodiophora brassicae (knolvoet) ........................................................................................... 19
Oömyceten: Phytophtora infestans (aardappelziekte)................................................................. 21
Hoorcollege 3: Quarantaine, bacteriën en virussen ............................................................................. 24
Quarantaine ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Herkomstlanden besmettingen .................................................................................................... 24
Quarantaine organismes (Q organismes) ..................................................................................... 24
Quarantaine organisme: NVWA.................................................................................................... 24
Maatregelen .................................................................................................................................. 25
Belangrijke bacterieziekten in de Nederlandse land- en tuinbouw.............................................. 25
Bacteriën ........................................................................................................................................... 26
Nuttige bacteriën: ......................................................................................................................... 26
Pathogene bacteriën ..................................................................................................................... 26
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, Pathogeniteitsfactoren: celwandsplitsende enzymen.................................................................. 26
Bacteriën: binnendringen in plant ................................................................................................ 26
Algemene informatie bacteriën .................................................................................................... 26
Belangrijkste genera van plant pathogene bacteriën ................................................................... 27
Rhizobium radiobacter (oude naam: Agrobacterium tumefaciensis) ........................................... 27
Bruinrot (Ralstonia solanacearum) ............................................................................................... 28
Effect waardplanten...................................................................................................................... 28
Bacterievuur (Erwinia amylovora) ................................................................................................ 29
Bloedingsziekte (Pseudomonas syringae) ..................................................................................... 30
Bacteriële bladvlekkenziekte tomaat (Pseudomonas syingae, dezelfde ziekte) ........................... 30
Virussen............................................................................................................................................. 30
Tabaks mozaïek virus (TMV) ......................................................................................................... 30
Infectie door virus ......................................................................................................................... 31
Virussen: verspreiding in plant ..................................................................................................... 31
Verspreiding virussen.................................................................................................................... 32
Verspreiding virus door insect ...................................................................................................... 32
Monddelen stekende insect (bladluis) .......................................................................................... 32
Virus bestrijding ............................................................................................................................ 34
Voorbeelden van virusziekten: ..................................................................................................... 35
Hoorcollege 4: Insecten ........................................................................................................................ 36
Plaag – waardplant relatie ................................................................................................................ 36
Nuttige insecten ............................................................................................................................ 36
Insect – plant relaties .................................................................................................................... 36
Afweermechanismen tegen insecten ........................................................................................... 37
Belangrijke insect orden ................................................................................................................... 39
1. Thysanoptera (tripsen).................................................................................................................. 39
De levenscyclus van de Thysanoptere gaat als volgt: ................................................................... 40
2. Hemiptera (cicaden, bladluizen) ................................................................................................... 40
Levenscyclus van een bladluis: ..................................................................................................... 41
Waarom zijn er zoveel bladluizen? ............................................................................................... 42
Sojaboon bladluis: tweehuizig ...................................................................................................... 43
Schade bladluizen: ........................................................................................................................ 43
Orde: Homoptera (luizensoorten, zie ook practicum) .................................................................. 45
Orde: Homoptera (witte vlieg) ...................................................................................................... 45
3. Coleoptera (Bedekt- of schildvleugeligen) .................................................................................... 46
Carnivoren (lieveheersbeestjes) ................................................................................................... 46
2
, Herbivoren .................................................................................................................................... 46
Rozenkever.................................................................................................................................... 47
Taxuskever .................................................................................................................................... 47
4. Diptera (twee vleugeligen)............................................................................................................ 48
Mineervlieg ................................................................................................................................... 48
Tomatenmineermot ...................................................................................................................... 48
Monddelen Diptera ....................................................................................................................... 48
5. Lepidoptera (schubvleugeligen).................................................................................................... 49
Monddelen Lepidoptera ............................................................................................................... 49
Kastanjemineermot ...................................................................................................................... 49
Monddelen sprinkhaan (practicum) ................................................................................................. 50
Hoorcollege 5: Vruchtwisseling, Aaltjes en Onkruiden......................................................................... 51
Bodemleven en vruchtwisseling ....................................................................................................... 51
Bodem-voedselweb ...................................................................................................................... 51
Vruchtwisseling en bouwplan ....................................................................................................... 51
Aaltjes ............................................................................................................................................... 53
Nuttige aaltjes ............................................................................................................................... 53
Kenmerken van plantparasitaire aaltjes ....................................................................................... 54
Aardappelmoeheid ....................................................................................................................... 58
Identificatie van aaltjes ................................................................................................................ 59
Schade door aaltjes aantasting ..................................................................................................... 59
Onkruiden ......................................................................................................................................... 60
Concurrentie ................................................................................................................................. 60
Giftig .............................................................................................................................................. 60
Gastheer ziekten en plagen .......................................................................................................... 61
Parasitaire onkruiden .................................................................................................................... 61
Belemmering oogst ....................................................................................................................... 61
Onkruidbeheersing ....................................................................................................................... 61
Hoorcollege 6: Gewasbescherming ...................................................................................................... 62
Schadedrempel/bestrijdingsdrempel ............................................................................................... 62
Noodzaak bestrijding schadedrempels ......................................................................................... 62
Aanwezigheid bestrijders .............................................................................................................. 62
Wanneer ingrijpen: monitoren! .................................................................................................... 63
Chemische bestrijding ....................................................................................................................... 64
DDT................................................................................................................................................ 64
Resistentie tegen chemische middelen ........................................................................................ 64
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