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Samenvatting Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie (jaar 2, blok 4)

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Course
Aquatische Ecologie

Institution
HAS Den Bosch (HAS)

Deze samenvatting bevat alle informatie uit de hoorcolleges en leesstof van het vak Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie. Het bevat o.a. de volgende onderdelen: - Waterwaarden - Wateren in Nederland - Hydrologie - Waterleven - Waterplanten( vb. submerse en drijvende planten) - N, P, C - kringlo...

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Uploaded on January 28, 2021
Number of pages 162
Written in 2019/2020
Type Summary

aquatische ecologie
hydrologie
water
waterleven
stikstof
fosfor

Institution
HAS Den Bosch (HAS)
Education
Toegepaste Biologie
Course
Aquatische Ecologie

sroosenburg

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Samenvatting HC Aquatische ecologie en
hydrologie

Toegepaste Biologie
Jaar 2: blok 4

Leerdoelen
- Dictaten op blackboard
- Artikelen
- HC/WC/IC
- Leerdoel 3 vervalt

, Leerstof
HC 1 Introductie
HC 2 Dictaat water 2: H4, alleen de formules behandeld in het HC
Waterkwaliteit Water voor biologen: H8
Stowa, heldere kijk op diepe plassen: H3.2.3 en H3.2.4, wet van Lambert-Beer
HC 3 Water voor biologen: H2, H3
Waterkwantiteit Water voor biologen: H6.1 tm H6.2.2, H6.7 en H6.7.1
Water voor biologen: H7.2.2, H7.3.1
HC 4 Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water (https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl1412-kaderrichtlijn-water)
Wetgeving en Biologische kwaliteit KRW provincies, 2015 (https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl1614-toestand-
beleid biologische-kwaliteit-krw-provincies)

Verdiepend, deze ga je in de waterweek wel gebruiken:
Referenties en maatlatten voor natuurlijke watertypen voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water 2021-2027
(https://www.stowa.nl/sites/default/files/assets/PUBLICATIES/Publicaties%202018/STOWA%202018-
49%20Maatlatten%20defdef.pdf)
Referenties en maatlatten voor kunstmatige watertypen voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water 2021-2027
(https://www.stowa.nl/sites/default/files/assets/PUBLICATIES/Publicaties%202018/STOWA%202018-
49%20Maatlatten%20defdef.pdf)
Stroomgebiedbeheerplannen 2015-2021 (https://www.helpdeskwater.nl/onderwerpen/wetgeving-
beleid/kaderrichtlijn-water/2016-2021/)

2

,Inhoudsopgave
Leerdoelen............................................................................................................................................... 1
Leerstof.................................................................................................................................................... 2
HC 1 Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie ................................................................................................. 8
1. Waarom aquatische ecologie? ............................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Belang van water ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Ontstaan van watersystemen in Nederland.................................................................................. 9
1.2.1 Het pleistoceen – gelasien / calabrien ................................................................................... 9
1.2.2 Het midden pleistoceen ......................................................................................................... 9
1.2.3 Laat pleistoceen.................................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Het holoceen ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Moderne tijd .................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Kringlopen ....................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5.1 Hydrologische kringloop (waterbalans): .................................................................................. 12
1.5.2 Koolstofkringloop ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.3 Stikstofkringloop ...................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.4 Fosforkringloop ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.6 Bedreigingen.................................................................................................................................... 16
1.7 Voedselweb van een aquatisch ecosysteem ................................................................................... 17
1.7.1 Primaire productie.................................................................................................................... 19
Oorzaken nutriënten gebrek ......................................................................................................... 20
Groeivormen ................................................................................................................................. 20
Fysische en chemische samenstelling oppervlaktewater: ............................................................ 21
1.7.2 Fytoplankton ............................................................................................................................ 21
1.7.3 Waterplanten ........................................................................................................................... 22
1.7.4 Zoöplankton ............................................................................................................................. 23
1.7.4 Macrofauna .............................................................................................................................. 23
1.7.6 Vissen........................................................................................................................................ 23
HC 2 Waterkwaliteit .............................................................................................................................. 25
2.0 Fysische parameters en waarom waterkwaliteit belangrijk is .................................................... 27
2.1 Zuiver water................................................................................................................................. 28
2.2 Thermische eigenschappen: ........................................................................................................ 28
2.2.1 Temperatuur......................................................................................................................... 29
2.3 Optische eigenschappen ............................................................................................................. 30
2.3.1 Wet van Lambert Beer (extinctie): ....................................................................................... 33
2.3.2 Lichtlimitatie ......................................................................................................................... 35

3

, 2.4 Sedimentatie en resuspentie ...................................................................................................... 35
2.4.1 Sedimentatiezone:................................................................................................................ 35
2.4.2 Resuspensiezone: ................................................................................................................. 35
2.5 Chemische parameters en processen ......................................................................................... 37
2.5.1 Saliniteit ................................................................................................................................ 37
2.5.2 Het elektrisch geleidingsvermogen ...................................................................................... 38
2.6 Ionenratio .................................................................................................................................... 38
2.6.1 Ionenratio berekenen ........................................................................................................... 39
Rekenen met IR a.d.h.v. PowerPoint dia’s .................................................................................... 40
2.7 Zuurstof ....................................................................................................................................... 42
2.7.1 Zuurstofaanvoer ................................................................................................................... 42
2.7.2 Zuurstof in oppervlaktewater .............................................................................................. 42
2.7.2 Zuurstofhuishouding ............................................................................................................ 44
2.7.3 Reäeratie .............................................................................................................................. 45
2.8 Nutriënten ................................................................................................................................... 45
2.8.1 Primaire productie en limitatie ............................................................................................ 46
2.8.2 Primaire productie en limitatie ............................................................................................ 46
2.8.3 Primaire productie en limitatie: nutriëntafhankelijkheid (Monod functie) ......................... 47
2.8.4 Opdracht limitatie (voorbeeld berekening) ......................................................................... 47
2.9 Koolstofdioxide ............................................................................................................................ 48
2.9.1 Buffercapaciteit /alkaliniteit (zuurbufferend vermogen) ..................................................... 49
2.9.2 Hardheid en alkaliniteit ........................................................................................................ 49
2.10 IJzer ............................................................................................................................................ 50
2.10.1 IJzerval ................................................................................................................................ 50
HC 3 Waterkwantiteit ............................................................................................................................ 52
3.1 Hydrologie ................................................................................................................................... 52
3.2 Grondwater ................................................................................................................................. 52
3.2.1 Functies grondwater............................................................................................................. 54
3.2.2 Peilbeheer winter vs zomer .................................................................................................. 55
3.2.3 Stijghoogte → peilbuizen ..................................................................................................... 56
3.2.4 Isohypsen en stroomlijnen ................................................................................................... 57
3.2.5 Grondwatertrappen ............................................................................................................. 57
3.2.6 Grondwatersystemen ........................................................................................................... 58
3.2.7 Grondwaterstroming ............................................................................................................ 59
3.3 Stroomgebieden .......................................................................................................................... 59
3.3.1 Polder-boezemsysteem ........................................................................................................ 61

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Samenvatting Aquatische ecologie en hydrologie (jaar 2, blok 4)

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