This document contains all the theory and models for the exam change management of the international tourism management course in the second grade. The document is written in English. The document is based on lectures, seminars and consultancies.
Overview models and theory
CHMA
Theme 1: What is change management?
Drivers/reasons for change
Conditions that facilitate organizational change
- A dramatic crisis (like the corona crisis, krediet crisis)
- Leadership turnover
- Stage of life-cycle
- Age of the organization
- Size of organization (If the organization grows a lot, resources also need to grow with
your organization, e.g., extra staff, bigger working space, going online
- Strength of current culture
Internal and external forces
- Change because of take-over, bankruptcy, restart, etc.
- Change in leadership
- Change of processes, techniques etc.
- Change effecting jobs
- Change in strategy
,Type of change
Nature of change = speed of change
Scope of change = extend of change
Incremental:
- Change occurs over a period of time in incremental stages (small steps)
- Subsystem adjustments required to keep the organization on course.
Big bang:
- Big change, in once. Occurs rapidly.
- Altering the overall shape of the direction of the organization.
Realignment:
- Change made in response to unexpected situations.
Transformation:
- Planned changes on expected situations.
Adaptation:
Change undertaken to realign the way in which the organisation operates; implemented in a
series of steps. (Realignment and incremental)
Evolution:
Transformational change implemented gradually through inter-related initiatives; likely to be
proactive change undertaken in participation of the need for future change. (Transformation
and incremental)
Reconstruction:
, Change undertaken to realign the way in which the organisation operates with many
initiatives implemented simultaneously:
- Often forced and reactive because of a change competitive context.
Revolution:
Transformation change that occurs via simultaneous initiatives on many fronts:
- More likely to be forced and reactive because of the changing competitive conditions
that the organisation is facing.
How to change?
Lewin 3 stages
Ist and Soll model in combination with Lewin’s 3 stages.
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