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Summary Lecture 20 -- Human Development
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Human Development – Lecture 20 – Lungs developmentSwalling;
Epiglottis; flap that close traches, when food flow down
Esophagus; move food along stomach by peristalsis
(contraction/relaxing)
Lungs;
Inner surface adult lung; 140m2
4 gut regions;
o Pharyngeal (achterkant)
o Foregut; esophagus, stomach
o Midgut; small intestine
o Hindgut; Large intestine
Midgut remains attached to Yolk sac via vitelline
(omphalomesenteric duct)
Oropharyngeal membrane = stomodeum
Formation of the lungs;
Start from 4th week.
Origin from endoderm.
Derived from foregut; respiratory diverticulum
Arise of respiratory diverticulum;
o Depend on retinoic acid (RA) produce by mesoderm
o Upregulation TBX4 (endoderm), induces bud formation
Laryngotracheal is the opening between the trachea & larynx
Tracheoesophageal separates trachea & lungs buds from
esophagus.
Endodermal orgin; lung & gut
Splanchinic mesoderm or neural crest cells; cartilage, muscle
and connective tissue
Formation of pharingeal arches;
Phayngeal arches originate from 3 germ layers;
o Surface ectoderm & neural crest cells (mesenchyme)
o Splachnic mesoderm (mesenchyme)
o Endoderm (inside epithelium)
Pharyngeal membrane origin from ectoderm and endoderm
Total 5 pairs of arches (1-4 & 6), these become part of
pharynx
Inaccurate septum formation;
Tracheoesophageal fistulas and atresisas are formed cause
by abnormal spetation.
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