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B06CEL Samenvatting Celbiologie (inclusief afbeeldingen en informatie uit het boek) $5.21
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B06CEL Samenvatting Celbiologie (inclusief afbeeldingen en informatie uit het boek)

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  • Course
  • CEL (B06CEL)
  • Institution
  • Hogeschool Leiden (HSL)
  • Book
  • Essential Cell Biology

B06CEL Samenvatting Celbiologie (jaar 2) Niet alleen de hoorcolleges zijn uitgewerkt, maar ook de benodigde informatie uit het boek Essential Cell Biology en aanvullende werkcolleges. Ik heb een 8,5 gehaald voor de toets.

Last document update: 4 year ago

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Document information

  • No
  • 8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20
  • January 29, 2021
  • February 2, 2021
  • 77
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • celbiologie
  • signaaltransductie
  • eiwitlokalisatie
  • cytoskelet
  • genregulatie
  • celcyclus
  • apoptose
  • kanker
  • endocytose
  • exocytose
  • eiwitsortering
  • b06cel
  • essential cell biology
  • genexpressie
  • cellulaire respons
  • hsle

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  • Hogeschool Leiden (HSL)
  • Biologie En Medisch Laboratoriumonderzoek
  • CEL (B06CEL)
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Celbiologie

,Inhoud
1. Eiwit lokalisatie ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. Eiwitten naar de nucleus ........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2. Eiwitten naar mitochondriën ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.3. Eiwitten naar het endoplasmatisch reticulum ....................................................................................................... 9
1.4. Co- vs. post-translationele translocatie ............................................................................................................... 10
1.5. Vesikel transport .................................................................................................................................................. 11
1.5.1. Exocytose ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.2. Endocytose .................................................................................................................................................... 16
1.5.3. Autofagie ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
2. Het cytoskelet ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
2.1. Intermediaire filamenten ..................................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Microtubuli............................................................................................................................................................ 21
2.2.1. Dynamische instabiliteit van microtubuli ..................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2. Transport over microtubuli ........................................................................................................................... 23
2.3. Actine filamenten (micro filamenten).................................................................................................................. 24
2.3.1. Transport via actine ...................................................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2. Actine en myosine II in spiercontractie......................................................................................................... 27
3. Genregulatie................................................................................................................................................................ 29
3.1 Regulatie van toegang tot genen .......................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.1. Toegang tot DNA wijzigen ............................................................................................................................. 30
3.1.2. Epigenetica .................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.2 Regulatie van transcriptie ..................................................................................................................................... 32
3.3. Regulatie van translatie en mRNA stabiliteit ....................................................................................................... 34
3.4. Regulatie van eiwitstabiliteit en activiteit............................................................................................................ 36
4. Signaaltransductie ....................................................................................................................................................... 39
4.1. Ontvangen van signalen ....................................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Doorgeven van signalen ........................................................................................................................................ 46
4.3. Cellulaire respons ................................................................................................................................................. 51
5. De celcyclus, apoptose en kanker ............................................................................................................................... 52
5.1. De interfase .......................................................................................................................................................... 53
5.2. De M-fase ............................................................................................................................................................. 54
5.3. Regulatie van de celcyclus ................................................................................................................................... 57
5.4. Apoptose .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
5.5. Kanker .................................................................................................................................................................. 65
5.6. Signaalroutes, apoptose en kanker ...................................................................................................................... 66
6. Algemene herhaling van leerdoelen van het reguliere 1e jaar................................................................................... 71
6.1. Eukaryoten ........................................................................................................................................................... 71

, 6.1.1. Prokaryoten vs. Eukaryoten .......................................................................................................................... 72
6.2. Modelorganismen ................................................................................................................................................ 73
6.3. Transcriptie .......................................................................................................................................................... 74
6.4. Translatie.............................................................................................................................................................. 75
6.4.1. Stappen van translatie .................................................................................................................................. 76
6.4.2. Eiwit targeting ............................................................................................................................................... 77
6.4.3. Protein Processing/modificatie ..................................................................................................................... 77

, 1. Eiwit lokalisatie
Compartimentalisatie van de eukaryote cel

• Verschillende cel-processen vinden plaats op of in
verschillende membrane-enclosed organelles
• De verschillende organellen hebben specifieke
functies
• Verschillende eiwitten zijn nodig voor deze
processen/functies
• De juiste eiwitten moeten naar de juiste
organellen voor het goed functioneren van de cel

Verschillende compartimenten;

• (Ver)groot membraanoppervlak
• Scheiden van functies/processen
• Behoud van lage pH voor afscherming

De hoofdfuncties van de membrane-enclosed compartments van een eukaryote cel:

Organel Functie
Cytosol Bevat veel metabole routes
Nucleus Bevat genoom; DNA- en RNA-synthese
Endoplasmatisch reticulum Synthese van de meeste lipiden, synthese van eiwitten voor distributie naar veel
organellen en naar het plasmamembraan
Golgiapparaat Modificatie, sortering en verpakking van eiwitten en lipiden voor uitscheiding of
levering aan een ander organel
Lysosoom Intracellulaire degradatie
Endosoom Sorteren van endocytosed materiaal
Mitochondriën ATP-synthese door oxidatieve fosforylering
Chloroplasten (in planten) ATP-synthese en koolstoffixatie door oxidatieve fosforylering
Peroxisomen Oxidatie van giftige moleculen


Eiwit lokalisatie begint bij translatie

• Alle eiwitten worden gemaakt door ribosomen in het cytosol
• Een eiwit wat ergens heen moet heeft een signaal nodig dat zegt waar het naartoe moet

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