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Summary CPT-15303 science, technology and society 19/20
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Summary CPT-15303 science, technology and society 19/20 of Wageningen University
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CPT summary 19/20Introduction
Development policies present the difference between developed and developing countries in terms of
technical progress. Technical progress and efficiency go together for prosperity.
Technology = is a passive and neutral instrument in the process of political decision-making, legislation
and regulation/cooperation between parties.
Instrumental view of technology:
- Technical systems, machines and devices are neutral and independent of social processes. The
social science provide knowledge about the social effect of technology
Social scientific view
- Technical systems, machines and devices interact with social processes. Social sciences provide
knowledge about interaction between social processes and technical processes.
The attention to harmful effect of technology is reinforced by the dominance of political views = the
government only takes action when things go wrong.
Direct damage for example from social media is not always clear and difficult to show, however
technology has a influence on individual, group formation and other things. It relates to human interaction
and social relations
International development important to figure out role of technology in society and the changes that are
set in motions, it can improve life.
Innovation = technical change, how can the current technology be improved.
Chapter 1 blue prints in organizations can companies
International development has a strong relationship with international trade. The exchange of knowledge
between science and technology took place.
Trade is also important for international development cooperation, trade, humanitarian n and political
interests are all taken into account.
1.1 New institutional and evolutionary economics
Economics looks at transactions between people, direct exchange between people using a medium. =
exchange of good and services with calculated value.
The classical economics is transaction, processes of supply and demand determine the value of a good
(product).
The new economics offer a new insight, the value of good and services is not universal, it’s determined by
institutions under which people act of interact.
Evolutionary economics = behavior of companies and organization is the adaptation to the
environments.
Innovation is good, but depends on environmental factors: competition, legislation etc. The innovation in
companies/organization is limited because of internal routines and ingrained patterns.
, 1.2 Technological trajectory and paradigm
Companies and organization develop a technology for a product that fits a
particular demand. Demand-pull model = the means of meeting a specific
demand or direct solution to a concrete problem.
Technology push = companies and organization offer products based on
available technology, expecting a demand.
Institutional factors cause a certain way of thinking about innovation and
change. Organization/companies innovate slowly and the
solutions/technology they provide have similar characteristics. Innovation =
variation of a familiar pattern or blue print: some change but follow fixed
trajectory.
Paradigm = the routine actions cause for a dominant mind-set, worldview or
vision
Institutional factors influence the decision to accept or reject a theory and the
development of solutions. Real evolution in science do not occur and changes
take place gradually.
Interdepended of science and technology shows that preferred technical
solutions are not the result of ingrained patterns within a companies, the
relationships with science, suppliers etc. is also important.
Lock-in effect = the reinforcement of a technological trajectory within a
company.
Lock in a completive advantage in economics view, if others use your
technology, you can produce more and turnover will be higher rand
production costs decreases.
If the environment changes quickly than lock-in will be a disadvantage.
1.3 Soci-technical systems
Blue print, the framework also looks at multiplicity and complexity of
economic and social relation that influence selection and choice processes.
As society develops more subsystems are added, the more bounded it is can
be seen a socio-technical systems.
Soci-technical system = the interdependence of companies and organization to realize certain
technological changes.
Innovation system = network of actors involved in processes of technical change and transformation.
Transition = the transfer from one technological trajectory to another. (To sustainable energy)
Chapter 2 group interests and negotiation processes shaping solutions
In many societies, the government is expected to solve the problems. Washing consensus = trying to
make citizens more responsible and reduce public spending.
2.1 social construction of technology
Social construction = the cooperation between different parties in creating solutions.
Makers and designers of the technology are part of larger social units
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