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Apuntes economia tema 3
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Capítulo 3. Aplicaciones de la teoría elemental del precio
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TEMA 3: APLICACIONES DE LA TEORÍA ELEMENTAL DEL PRECIO.1. La elasticidad de la demanda: concepto y determinantes.
La elasticidad de la demanda respecto al precio.
Si aumenta el precio, como consecuencia disminuye la cantidad de la demandada (Ley
de la demanda).
Elasticidad: medida de la sensibilidad de una variable, en economía suele ser la
demanda o cantidad demandada (u ofrecida si se refiere a la Oferta) respecto a uno de
sus determinantes (variables explicativas o variables independientes de la función de
la demanda, P).
ELASTICIDAD PRECIO DE LA DEMANDA. (ηp).
Medida del grado de respuesta, en que la demanda o la cantidad demandada de un
bien, responde a una variación porcentual de su precio.
VALORES ENTRE LOS QUE OSCILA.
Demanda ELÁSTICA si ηp > 1
Demanda INELÁSTICA si ηp < 1
Demanda de ELASTICIDAD UNITARIA si ηp = 1
DETERMINANTES DE LA ELASTICIDAD DEMANDA-PRECIO.
• Existencia de sustitutivos cercanos.
• Bienes necesarios y bienes de lujo.
• Definición del mercado.
• El horizonte temporal.
• La proporción del gasto total que se gasta en ese bien.
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