Al of niet vertakte alkanen op juiste wijze te benoemen
Constitutionele isomeren Butaan
Dezelfde molecuulformule maar
andere atoombindingen:
➔ Verschillende structuren
➔ Verschillende namen
= onvertakte keten
C4H10
Methylpropaan
= vertakte keten
,De naam en structuur van de 14 belangrijkste functionele groepen te benoemen
DU
TC
Ethaan
Etheen
Ethyn
Chloormethaan
Methoxymethaan
Methaanamine
Propanon
zuur + zuur Ethaanzuur
zuur + alcohol Methylethanoaat
Ethaanamide
zuur + amine “peptide binding”
, De chemische eigenschappen (verbranding, kraken en halogenering) van alkanen te omschrijven en
weer te geven in reactievergelijkingen
Eigenschappen van (cyclo)alkanen
Zintuiglijk kleurloos, zwakke geur, smaakloos
Risico niet bijzonder giftig (behalve cyclohexaan)
Chemie brandbaar; halogenering (substitutie reactie)
Polariteit apolair, onoplosbaar in water, oplosbaar in apolaire oplosmiddelen
Dichtheid geringere dichtheid dan water
Aggregatietoestand (onder STP = standaard temperatuur en druk):
- Gasvormig alkanen C1 tot C4
- Vloeibaar: alkanen C5 tot C16
- Vast: boven C15: wasachtige stoffen (paraffinen)
Verbranding (zuurstof + ontsteking)
• Volledig CnH2n+2 + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
• Onvolledig CnH2n+2 + O2 (g) → CO (g) + H2O + C (s) + evt. bijproducten
Halogenering (licht of warmte)
Sp3-hybridisatie enkele binding
Sp2-hybridisatie dubbele binding
Sp-hybridisatie driedubbele binding
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