Uitgebreide samenvatting van alle lessen Physiotherapy in Mental Health Care and Society (Vissers, Giusti, Ang, van West, Maes, Struyf, Vermandel, Van Hal, Achriani, Dauwen, Van Geel, Dhar, Dom, Schrijvers)
Academiejaar 2020 - 2021
Faculteit Geneeskunde en Gezondheidswetenschappen
Master Revalidatiewetenschappen en Kinesitherapie
Physiotherapy in Mental
Health and Society
1
,INHOUD
1. Diversiteit in de gezondheidszorg ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.0. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Cultuur.......................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1. Introductie............................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1.2. Culturele verschillen ............................................................................................................................. 9
1.1.3. Wat is cultuur? ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1.4. Managing cultural differences ............................................................................................................ 10
1.2. Geslacht ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
1.3. Sociaaleconomische status (SES)................................................................................................................ 17
1.4. Reflecties op diversiteit - bouwen van bruggen ......................................................................................... 19
1.4.1. Caleidoscoop ....................................................................................................................................... 19
1.4.2. Ijsberg .................................................................................................................................................. 22
1.4.3. Communicatie kompas ........................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.4. Sociale gerechtigheid .......................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.5. Conclusies ............................................................................................................................................ 27
2. Psychiatrie bij kinderen en volwassenen .......................................................................................................... 28
2.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 28
2.1.1. Specificiteit van psychiatrie bij kinderen en volwassenen .................................................................. 28
2.1.2. Definitie psychiatrische aandoening bij kinderen of volwassenen ..................................................... 28
2.1.3. Erfelijkheid in psychiatrische aandoeningen bij kinderen ................................................................... 31
2.2. Ontwikkelingsstoornissen .......................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1. ADHD ................................................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.2. ASS ....................................................................................................................................................... 46
2.2.3. Andere ontwikkelingsstoornissen ....................................................................................................... 50
2.3. Gedragsstoornissen .................................................................................................................................... 51
2.3.1 Externalizing Disorders (externaliserende aandoeningen) .................................................................. 51
2.4. Internalizing Disorders (internaliserende aandoeningen).......................................................................... 61
2.4.1. Stemmingsstoornissen ........................................................................................................................ 61
2.4.2. Angststoornissen ................................................................................................................................. 67
2.5. Eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.1. Feeding disorders ................................................................................................................................ 68
2.5.2. Eating disorders................................................................................................................................... 71
3. Fysiotherapie en migratie gezondheid .............................................................................................................. 91
3.1. Fysiotherapie in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg ....................................................................................... 91
3.1.1. Context ................................................................................................................................................ 91
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, 3.1.2. Waar past de fysiotherapie tussen? .................................................................................................... 91
3.1.3. Bewegingsgroepen .............................................................................................................................. 91
3.2. PREP project ............................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.1. Wat is PREP? ....................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.2. Waarom PREP? .................................................................................................................................... 92
3.2.3. Wat hebben we tot nu toe geleerd? ................................................................................................... 93
3.2.4. Kan PREP een verschil maken? ............................................................................................................ 93
3.2.5. Overbruggen van de kloof tussen de academische en klinische wereld (theorie vs. praktijk) ........... 93
3.2.6. Topje van de ijsberg ............................................................................................................................ 93
3.3. Fysiotherapie en asielzoekers .................................................................................................................... 94
3.3.1. Asielzoekers......................................................................................................................................... 94
3.3.2. Heeft een kinesitherapeut een rol bij het werken met asielzoekers? ................................................ 94
3.3.3. Marteling ............................................................................................................................................. 95
3.3.4. Self-care .............................................................................................................................................. 95
4. Relaxatietherapie .............................................................................................................................................. 96
4.1. Introductie.................................................................................................................................................. 96
4.2. Belasting-belastbaarheidsmodel ................................................................................................................ 96
4.3. Emoties en stress ....................................................................................................................................... 97
4.3.1. Emoties ................................................................................................................................................ 97
4.3.2. Stress ................................................................................................................................................... 97
4.4. Fysiologische effecten van stress op de korte en lange termijn .............................................................. 100
4.5. Relaxatietherapie ..................................................................................................................................... 101
4.5.1. Actieve methode ............................................................................................................................... 102
4.5.2. Passieve methode ............................................................................................................................. 104
4.5.3. Relaxtie bij Specifieke populatie ....................................................................................................... 105
4.6. Mindfulness .............................................................................................................................................. 107
4.6.1. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) .................................................................................... 107
4.6.2. Literatuur .......................................................................................................................................... 108
5. Rol van een kinesitherapeut in verslaving....................................................................................................... 109
5.1. Tabak- en rookverslaving ......................................................................................................................... 109
5.1.1. Korte introductie ............................................................................................................................... 109
5.1.2. Cijfers wereldwijd in verband met roken .......................................................................................... 109
5.1.3. Meten van fysieke verslaving ............................................................................................................ 111
5.1.4. Huidig tabaksbeleid ........................................................................................................................... 111
5.1.5. Interventies ....................................................................................................................................... 112
5.1.6. In tussentijd ....................................................................................................................................... 114
5.1.7. Preventie ........................................................................................................................................... 115
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, 5.2. Alcoholverslaving ..................................................................................................................................... 116
5.2.1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................... 116
5.2.2. Anonieme Alcoholisten (AA) ............................................................................................................. 117
5.2.3. Alcoholverslaving .............................................................................................................................. 118
6. Fysieke activiteit in de Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg ..................................................................................... 123
6.1. Psychomotorische therapie en lichamelijke activiteit bij mensen met psychische stoornissen .............. 123
6.1.1. UPC Duffel ......................................................................................................................................... 123
6.1.2. Zorgprogramma: Stemming (‘mood’) ............................................................................................... 124
6.1.3. Psychomotorische therapie (PMT) .................................................................................................... 125
6.1.4. Voordelen van fysieke activiteit voor de mentale gezondheid ......................................................... 127
6.1.5. Mentale ziekte en comorbiditeiten ................................................................................................... 128
6.1.6. Hoe kunnen we fysieke activiteit verhogen? .................................................................................... 130
6.1.7. Therapie ............................................................................................................................................ 130
6.1.8. Take home message .......................................................................................................................... 135
6.2. Ergotherapie ............................................................................................................................................. 136
6.2.1. Introductie......................................................................................................................................... 136
6.2.2. Verschillende soorten/ aspecten ...................................................................................................... 136
6.2.3. Toepassing......................................................................................................................................... 138
6.2.4. Ergotherapie in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg............................................................................... 140
7. Levensstijl, stress systeem en mentale gezondheid........................................................................................ 141
7.1. Mentale gezondheid ................................................................................................................................ 141
7.2. Stress ........................................................................................................................................................ 142
7.3. Levensstijl ................................................................................................................................................. 153
8. Ouder-kindinteracties, gezinsinterventies ...................................................................................................... 158
8.1 Introductie................................................................................................................................................. 158
8.2. Interacties tussen ouder en kind .............................................................................................................. 158
8.2.1. Internaliserende problemen ............................................................................................................. 160
8.2.2. Externaliserende problemen ............................................................................................................. 160
8.3. Wat gebeurt er als een chronische ziekte de interacties tussen ouders en kinderen verstoort? ............ 162
8.4. Hoe werk je met ouders en kinderen? ..................................................................................................... 165
8.4.1. Wettelijk kader .................................................................................................................................. 165
8.4.2. Multi directionele partijdigheid ........................................................................................................ 166
8.4.2. Gezinsinterventies ............................................................................................................................. 166
8.5. Psychomotorische therapie bij gezinnen ................................................................................................. 167
9. Autisme spectrum stoornis bij volwassenen ................................................................................................... 168
9.1. Diagnose ................................................................................................................................................... 168
9.1.1. Comorbiditeiten ................................................................................................................................ 168
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