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Samenvatting BCT

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Samenvatting BCT over allen hoor- en werkcolleges

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  • February 3, 2021
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  • 2020/2021
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Biochemie Theorie

-Koolwaterstoffen : Organische verbinding > verbinding met koolstofatomen.
-Organische chemie: studie koolstofhoudende verbindingen.

-Stabielecovalente bindingen met andere carbon atomen.
-Stabiele bindingen andere atomen > h1O
-Dubbel / driedubbel → variatie → structuur bepaalt eigenschappen.

Naamgeving
IUPAC-regels → systematische methode




Verdeling ( zwavel of zuurstof )




Algemene formule CH2N ⤶ ⇩ ⤷ Elektronen gelijk verdeeld
(Verzadigd) (Sterke geur)




- De eigenschappen worden bepaald door de functionele groepen.

,Eigenschappen ⟶Functionele groepen (alkanen)
SP KP →Lager= meer vertakkingen
Methaan CH4 -183 -162
Ethaan C2H6 -184 -89
Propaan C3H8 -188 -42
Butaan C4H10 -137 -1
Pentaan C5H12 -130 36
Hexaan C6H14 -95 69
Heptaan C7H16 -91 98

Structuren isomeren



→ Hexaan *Vertakkingen belangrijk
→ 2-methyl-pentaan

→ 2,3-dimethyl-butaan


Onverzadigde moleculen




(Tetrahedral) (Planar) (Linfar)
Ethaan Etheen Ethyn
● Reactiever dan enkelvoudige bindingen (verzadigde moleculen).

Alcoholen
-verbindingen waarin een hydroxylgroep ( -OH) gebonden is aan een verzadigd koolstofatoom.



Vergelijkbare structuren




Fenol Ether Thiol

CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2OH
Butaan 1-propanol
M= 58 g•mol-1 60 g•mol-1
KP = -0,5℃ 97,2 ℃

, -Hoe langer de C-keten,
hoe slechter oplosbaar.
-Vorming H-bruggen.


Oplosbaarheid in water

hydrofiel vs. hydrofoob Hexaan 0,0095 g/L
Butaan 0,06 g/L
Methanol →infinitely soluble Hexanol 6 g/L
Ethanol →infinitely soluble Butanol 73 g/L
Propanol →infinitely soluble NaCI 360 g/L
Decanol →insoluble in water Suiker 940 g/L

⇒Wateroplosbaarheid : afhankelijk lengte C-Keten




Fenolen
⇒ Derivaten komen veel voor in bv. kruiden.




Thymol/tijm Carvacrol(oregano) Butylated hydroxytolueen

Ethers
⇒Naamgeving : de kortere keten vormt het eerste deel van de naam →achtervoegsel
-aan vervangen door -oxy → langere alkaan keten vormt het tweede deel van de
naam, en is genoemd zoals het alkaan. ➦ethoxypropaan

, Fysische eigenschappen

H3C-O-CH2 CH3 CH3 CH2CH2OH - Geen H-bruggen mogelijk
Methoxyethaan 1-propanol - Lost nauwelijks op in water
MW = 60 g•mol-1 60 g•mol-1
KP = 7,9 ℃ 79℃



Thiden (geur)




Trans-2-butene-1-thiol




2-phenylethanol




3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadieen-1-ol




3-methyl-1-butanethiol ⇒ stinkdier




Vorming van zwavelbruggen in eiwitten




(Keratine) → rood→ blonderen →bruggen x verbreken zwavelbruggen in eiwitten.

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