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Samenvatting basis elektriciteit (sem 1)
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Het document vat de eerste 5 hoofdstukken van het opleidingsonderdeel basis elektriciteit samen. Het bestaat uit 70p met tekst en foto's over elk onderdeel.
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Basis Elektriciteit Semester 1Inhoudsopgave
1 Basiskennis..........................................................................................................................................9
1.1 Moleculen en atomen...................................................................................................................9
1.2 Elektrische stroom........................................................................................................................9
Elektronen stroomzin...................................................................................................................10
Conventionele stroomzin..............................................................................................................10
1.3 Elektrische lading praktisch........................................................................................................10
1.4 Elektrische spanning...................................................................................................................10
1.5 Elektrische weerstand.................................................................................................................11
1.6 Stroomdichtheid.........................................................................................................................11
1.7 Elektrische geleiding...................................................................................................................11
1.8 Wet van Ohm..............................................................................................................................12
Vaststelling:..................................................................................................................................12
1.9 Specifieke weerstand of resistiviteit van een geleider................................................................12
1.10 Wet van Pouillet.......................................................................................................................13
1.11 Invloed temperatuur op weerstand..........................................................................................13
1.12 Elektrische arbeid en energie...................................................................................................13
1.13 Joule-effect...............................................................................................................................14
1.14 ELEKTRISCH VERMOGEN...........................................................................................................14
1.15 Energieverbruik........................................................................................................................14
1.16 Rendement...............................................................................................................................15
2. Schakelen van weerstanden.............................................................................................................15
2.1 Inleidende begrippen..................................................................................................................15
Spanningsval over een weerstand................................................................................................15
Vervangweerstand........................................................................................................................15
Voorstelling DC bron in schakeling...............................................................................................15
2.2 Serieschakelen van weerstanden...............................................................................................15
2.3 Parallelschakelen van weerstanden............................................................................................16
2.4 Gemengde schakeling.................................................................................................................16
2.5 Wetten van Kirchoff....................................................................................................................17
3. Basis toepassingen............................................................................................................................18
3.1 Regelbare weerstand..................................................................................................................18
3.2 Spanningsdelers..........................................................................................................................18
3.3 De Brug van Wheatstone............................................................................................................19
,1. Uitbreiding meetbereik A-meter......................................................................................................20
1.1 Shunt weerstand.........................................................................................................................20
1.2 Uitbreiding meetbereik A-meter................................................................................................21
1.3 Ampère meter universele shunt.................................................................................................21
2. Uitbreiding meetbereik V-meter......................................................................................................21
2.1 Voorschakelweerstand...............................................................................................................21
2.2 Uitbreiding meetbereik V-meter................................................................................................22
2.3 Voltmeter met universele shunt.................................................................................................22
3. Praktische bronnen...........................................................................................................................22
3.1 Elektromotorische kracht...........................................................................................................22
3.2 Spanningsverliezen.....................................................................................................................23
Nullast...........................................................................................................................................23
Kortsluiting...................................................................................................................................23
3.3 Schakelen van spanningsbronnen...............................................................................................23
Serieschakeling.............................................................................................................................23
Parallelschakeling.........................................................................................................................24
3.4 Aandachtspunten bij het schakelen van bronnen.......................................................................24
Batterijen en serie........................................................................................................................24
Batterijen in parallel.....................................................................................................................24
4. Berekeningen op elektrische netwerken..........................................................................................25
4.1 Wetten van Kirchhof...................................................................................................................25
Stroomwet....................................................................................................................................25
Spanningswet...............................................................................................................................25
4.2 SUPERPOSITIE.............................................................................................................................26
Methode.......................................................................................................................................26
Oplossingsvoorbeeld....................................................................................................................26
4.3 Ster-driehoek transformatie.......................................................................................................26
Omzetting van driehoek naar ster:...............................................................................................26
Omzetting van ster naar driehoek................................................................................................27
4.4 Maasstroommethode.................................................................................................................27
Begrippen:....................................................................................................................................27
Methode:......................................................................................................................................27
4.5 Theorema van Thevenin.............................................................................................................28
Methode van Thevenin:................................................................................................................28
Thevenin equivalent:....................................................................................................................28
4.6 Norton theorema........................................................................................................................29
, Voorbeeld:....................................................................................................................................30
Nortonstroom bepalen:................................................................................................................30
Nortonweerstand bepalen:..........................................................................................................31
1. Magnetisme......................................................................................................................................32
1.1. Wat is een magneet?.................................................................................................................32
1.2. Natuurlijke magneten................................................................................................................32
1.3. Kunstmatige magneten..............................................................................................................32
Permanente magneten:................................................................................................................32
Elektromagneten:.........................................................................................................................32
1.4. Oorzaak van magnetisme?.........................................................................................................32
1.5. Eigenschappen van magneten...................................................................................................33
1.6. Magnetisch krachtwerking........................................................................................................33
1.7. De relatieve permeabiliteit........................................................................................................33
Paramagnetische stoffen:.............................................................................................................34
Diamagnetische stoffen:...............................................................................................................34
Ferromagnetische stoffen:............................................................................................................34
1.8. Ferrimagnetische stoffen...........................................................................................................34
1.9. Anti-ferromagnetische stoffen...................................................................................................34
1.10. Magnetisch veld.......................................................................................................................34
Eigenschappen van magnetische veldlijnen:................................................................................35
Extra voorbeelden........................................................................................................................35
Aardmagnetisch veld....................................................................................................................35
1.11. Magnetische veldsterkte.........................................................................................................35
1.12. Magnetische keten..................................................................................................................36
Homogenen magnetische keten...................................................................................................36
Niet-homogene magnetische keten.............................................................................................36
1.13. Magnetische afscherming........................................................................................................36
1.14. Magnetische inductie..............................................................................................................36
1.15. Magnetische flux......................................................................................................................37
Voorbeeld magnetische flux.........................................................................................................37
1.16. Magnetisatie en demagnetisatie.............................................................................................37
Magnetiseren:..............................................................................................................................37
Remanent magnetisme:................................................................................................................37
Kunstmatige magneet:..................................................................................................................37
Demagnetiseren...........................................................................................................................37
1.17. Magnetisatiekromme..............................................................................................................37
, 1.18. Hysteresislus............................................................................................................................39
1.19. Hysteresisverliezen..................................................................................................................40
1.20. Zacht en hard magnetische materialen...................................................................................40
Zacht magnetisch materiaal..........................................................................................................40
Hard magnetisch materiaal...........................................................................................................40
2. Elektromagnetisme...........................................................................................................................41
2.1. Elektromagnetisme....................................................................................................................41
2.2. Magnetisch veld door stroom in rechte geleider.......................................................................41
2.3. Magnetisch veld door stroom in een winding...........................................................................41
2.4. Magnetisch veld door stroom in een solenoïde.........................................................................41
2.5. Magnetische inductie van een spoel..........................................................................................42
2.6. Wet van Hopkinson...................................................................................................................42
3. Krachten op elektrische stromen in een magnetisch veld................................................................42
3.1. Lorentzkrachten.........................................................................................................................42
3.2. Lorentzkrachten op een stroomvoerende geleider...................................................................42
Lorentzkracht maximaal:..............................................................................................................42
Lorentzkracht minimaal:...............................................................................................................43
Lorentzkracht onder hoek:...........................................................................................................43
Voorbeeld:....................................................................................................................................43
4. Elektromagnetische inductie............................................................................................................43
4.1. Elektromagnetische inductie.....................................................................................................43
4.2. Inleiding wet van Faraday..........................................................................................................43
Situatie 1:......................................................................................................................................43
Situatie 2:..........................................................................................................................................43
Kenmerken:..................................................................................................................................43
4.3. Wet van Faraday........................................................................................................................44
4.4. Wet van Lenz.............................................................................................................................44
4.5. De rechterhandregel van Fleming..............................................................................................44
4.6. Groote geïnduceerde spanning in een rechte geleider..............................................................45
1. Opwekking van wisselspanning........................................................................................................46
1.1. Elektromagnetische inductie.....................................................................................................46
1.2. Rechterhandregel van Fleming..................................................................................................46
1.3. Wisselstroomgenerator (basisprincipe).....................................................................................46
Grootte geïnduceerde spanning in rechte geleider......................................................................47
Grootte geïnduceerde spanning in een roterend raam................................................................47
2. Eigenschappen van wisselgrootheden..............................................................................................48
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