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Summary Oxford in Search of History, ISBN: 9780199056903 History
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Summary Oxford in Search of History, ISBN: 6903 History
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End of the Cold War and a New World Order Timeline: 1917: Russia first communist state
1955: Warsaw Pact formed
1956: Dramatic Uprisings in Hungary
1961: Berlin Wall was built Nikita Khrushchev
1962: Cuban Missile Crisis
1968: Dramatic Uprisings in Czechoslovakia
1968: Janos Kadar stood down as Hungary’s General Secretary after holding this
since 1956 uprising
1969: discussions had been happening between USA and USSR to try to reach
agreements to limit the number of strategic missiles little was achieved.
1971: Period of détente
1977: Czechoslovakia, a human rights movement= Charter 77 was formed
1979: USSR invaded Afghanistan, Civil War end to détente
1980: strike at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, Poland. Led by Lech Walesa
1980: Solidarity established by Lech Walesa
1981: General Wojciech Jaruzelski became head of the Polish government and
declared martial law and banned the reformist trade union movement Solidarity
1981: Reagan announced a Strategic Defence Initiative(SDI), which people were
calling ‘Star Wars’ was based on a huge laser shield in space to protect America
against USSR missiles.
1985: Gorbachev became General- Secretary of the USSR
1985: Perestroika
1986: Glasnost
1985-1988: Gromyko- Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
1985-1990: four sets of reforms were introduce
1988: Gorbachev announced that political parties other than the Communist Party of
the Soviet Union(CPSU) could be formed
1989-1990: Collapse of Communism
1989: Revolutions due to Gorbachev’s reforms
1989: Poland announced a new constitution that would allow multi-party elections.
1989: 70 years after Bolsheviks had banned all political opposition- free elections for
a new ‘parliament’= Congress of People’s Deputies
1989: Opposition to communism and to Soviet domination had a domino effect
1989: problems in the USSR were too serious for Gorbachev to consider invading
Eastern Europe even if he had wanted to
1989: The FRG had become a leading member of the European Community and of
NATO The largest and richest country in Europe
1989: GDR’s 17 million people lived in an oppressive community state. Living
standards were lower than in West Germany. Little freedom and could not travel
outside the communist bloc. The Stasi, the East Germany secret police, had spies
everywhere and dissidents soon landed in jail.
4 February 1989: Gorbachev was losing control over the people
5 February 1989: Next day Gorbachev scrapped the party’s monopoly of power and
created a new post of president, elected by parliament, a post that he ensured that
he won
February 1989: Polish Round Table Talks meetings started
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