Samenvatting bevat slides aangevuld met nota's en voorbeelden van alle gastlessen. Geslaagd met deze samenvatting in eerste zit. Betreffende gastcolleges: Parkinson, mindfulness, eating disorders, sociale cognition and ASD, Unilateral neglect, sleep disorders and cognition.
1. Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra
1
,NO general macroscopic atrophy of the brain, but degeneration in certain types of neurons within
particular brain regions.
E.g. early-stage PD: loss of dopaminergic neurons restricted to VL substantia nigra
end-stage PD: more widespread loss
➔ resulting in a reduction of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia
Panels A and B represent the human
postmortem bilateral midbrain of normal
and Parkinsonian subjects, respectively
2. Widespread protein (⍺-synuclein) accumulation (“Lewy Bodies”) in neurons
The basal ganglia
Anatomy
5 interconnected sub-cortical nuclei:
I. Nucleus Caudatus
II. Putamen
III. Globus Pallidus
IV. Nucleus Subthalamicus
V. Substantia Nigra
Function
• Motor control
• Cognitive processes
• Emotional/behavioral processes
➔ Control of global-directed and habitual actions
Basal ganglia disorders are manifested by abnormal movement and a number of neuropsychiatric
disorders
cortex – striatum – globus pallidus pars externa – nucleus subthalamicus – globus pallidus pars
interna – thalamus – cortex
PD: Dopamine depletion causes imbalance between direct (excitatory) and indirect (inhibitory)
pathways
➔ thalamus is inhibited
➔ movement disorders
4
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