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Samenvatting Immunologie LBT332vn
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Samenvatting van de colleges van Immunologie uit het derde jaar van BM en van het boek "Leerboek Immunologie".
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SamenvattingenImmunologie
Claudia Westhof
,Inhoudsopgave
1. Inleidingscollege .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1. Immunologie en gezondheid ................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Immunologie en meten ........................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Immunologie en business ........................................................................................................ 3
1.4. Micro-organismen ................................................................................................................... 3
1.5. Immuunsysteem ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.6. Aangeboren immuunsysteem ................................................................................................. 4
1.7. Verworven immuunsysteem ................................................................................................... 9
1.8. Lymfoïde organen.................................................................................................................. 14
2. Hoofdstuk 2 en 3: Aangeboren immuniteit ................................................................................... 15
2.1. Herkenning: PRRs .................................................................................................................. 15
2.2. Ontsteking ............................................................................................................................. 17
2.3. Fagocytose ............................................................................................................................. 20
2.4. Antimicrobiële eiwitten en complementen .......................................................................... 24
2.5. Natural killer cells .................................................................................................................. 28
2.6. Signaalmoleculen: chemokinen en cytokinen ....................................................................... 30
2.7. Dendritische cellen en antigeen presentatie ........................................................................ 32
3. Hoofdstuk 4 en 8: vorming van antigeenreceptoren op B- en T-cellen en humoraliteit .............. 32
4. Hoofdstuk 5: Antigeenverwerking en -presentatie ....................................................................... 46
4.1. Functie van MHC-moleculen ................................................................................................. 46
4.2. Antigen processing – MHC klasse 1 ....................................................................................... 50
4.3. Antigen processing – MHC klasse 2 ....................................................................................... 53
5. Hoofdstuk 7: cellulaire immuniteit ................................................................................................ 55
6. Hoofdstuk 9: Mucosale immuniteit ............................................................................................... 70
6.1. Aangeboren mucosale immuunsysteem ............................................................................... 71
6.1.1. Fysieke barrière ............................................................................................................. 71
6.1.2. Antimicrobiële producten ............................................................................................. 73
6.1.3. Proteolytische enzymen ................................................................................................ 73
6.1.4. Microbiotica................................................................................................................... 74
6.2. Adaptieve mucosale immuunsysteem .................................................................................. 75
7. Hoofdstuk 13: Allergie en overgevoeligheid ................................................................................. 83
7.1. Type I overgevoeligheidsreactie ............................................................................................ 85
7.2. Type II overgevoeligheidsreactie ........................................................................................... 90
7.3. Type III overgevoeligheidsreactie .......................................................................................... 91
7.4. Type IV overgevoeligheidsreactie ......................................................................................... 93
1
,8. Hoofdstuk 14: Auto-immuniteit .................................................................................................... 95
8.1. Totstandkoming en handhaving immunologische tolerantie ............................................... 95
8.2. Verlies autotolerantie............................................................................................................ 98
8.3. Pathofysiologische mechanismen ....................................................................................... 101
8.4. Klinische ziektebeelden ....................................................................................................... 103
9. Hoofdstuk 16: Transplantatie en afstoting.................................................................................. 104
9.1. Afstoten transplantatie ....................................................................................................... 106
10. Hoofdstuk 17: Vaccins en Vaccinatie....................................................................................... 110
10.1. Geschiedenis, hoe is de vaccinatie ontwikkeld? ............................................................. 110
10.2. Type vaccins..................................................................................................................... 110
10.3. Productie van vaccins ...................................................................................................... 113
10.4. Werkingsmechanisme van vaccins .................................................................................. 114
10.5. Vaccin effectiviteit ........................................................................................................... 115
10.6. Vaccinaties in Nederland ................................................................................................. 116
11. Therapeutische antilichamen (mAbs) en immunologie tegen kanker .................................... 118
11.1. Polyklonale antilichamen versus monoklonale antilichamen ......................................... 120
11.2. Hybridoma technologie ................................................................................................... 120
11.3. Oplossing voor immunogene muis-monoklonalen ......................................................... 123
11.4. Ingenieursmuis-antilichaam richting menselijke sequenties .......................................... 124
11.5. Human mAbs ................................................................................................................... 127
11.5.1. Transgene technologie ................................................................................................ 127
11.5.2. Faagweergave.............................................................................................................. 128
12. Methoden in de immunologie ................................................................................................. 131
12.1. mAbs en hybridoma’s ...................................................................................................... 131
12.2. Affiniteit en affiniteitszuivering ....................................................................................... 135
12.3. Immunohistochemistry ................................................................................................... 137
12.4. FACS en flow cytometry .................................................................................................. 139
1. Inleidingscollege
1.1. Immunologie en gezondheid
Infectieziekten
Transplantatie geneeskunde
Auto-immuunziekten
Oncologie
1.2. Immunologie en meten
Voorbeelden metingen:
2
, • Elisa
• Immunohistochemistry
• Antibody-based blodd/urine tests
• FACS analysis
• Immunoblotting
1.3. Immunologie en business
Figuur 1, biotech. toepassingen. top farmacuetical sales in 2006, 2010 (2014 projecten).
1.4. Micro-organismen
Categorieën micro-organismen, zie figuur 2.
Figuur 2, verschillende categorieën micro-organismen.
1.5. Immuunsysteem
De intacte huid en slijmvliezen vormen een eerste barrière tegen potentiële binnendringers
• Mechanische en fysische barrière van huid en slijmvliezen
• Huid en darm microbiotica
• Aangeboren immuniteit (macrofagen, complement)
• Verworven immuniteit (lymfocyten)
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