• Borders
o Core to ideas of belonging
o Ideas of self-determination
o Straight lines as evidence of colonialism- no natural borders or evidence of
struggles
o US- created through legislation
o “Outside” or exile as a punishment
▪ Outside of community and legal protection
• Nationalism as an ideology
o Project towards self-determination
o Classically, towards a nation-state
▪ In practise, very few states have one nation
• Cultures etc… taught by states in schools
o At core level, about nation-building and upholding traditions
• Romans- roads- could not provide protection to citizens beyond practical
manifestations of power
• Borders
o Permeable and selective
▪ Moments of decision
o State task in border policy
▪ To let in what/who we want
▪ To keep out what/who is dangerous
▪ Focal point of security
▪ Where is the border?
• Airport- passport control?
• EU- at any point can be asked for ID- border?
• Transnational Threats
o Illicit goods
o CBRNE: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive (Weapons)
o Terrorism
▪ Linked to migration?
• Migration
o Historically, linked to economy and market
o Asylum from war
o Modern world- labour element still there but overwhelmes by security
question
o Movement of people
o Persistent reality of world politics
o Who? Where?
o Voluntary
▪ Labour migration
▪ Education
▪ Tourism (?)
o Forced
▪ Asylum seeking
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