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Tema 5 fisiopatología: el edema

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Tema 5 de fisiopatología sobre el edema

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  • February 11, 2021
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
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EDEMA
CONCEPTO Y FISIOPATOLOGÍA
El edema se define como el aumento de volumen de líquido en el espacio intersticial (espacio situado
entre las células).
Las causas más importantes:
- Insuficiencia cardíaca
- Síndrome nefrótico
- Cirrosis hepática


Edema se puede explorar por el signo de fóvea, que consiste en presionar la zona del edema, si tiene una
depresión que dura unos segundos consideramos una fóvea positiva, si fuera negativa pensamos en
procesos inflamatorios y no de encharcamiento.


Cuando hablamos de un edema más generalizado, que abarca varias partes del cuerpo, se le llama
Anasarca.
En ocasiones el líquido se acumula en zonas del cuerpo de las que no podemos visualizarlo a simple vista.


El intercambio de líquidos entre los vasos sanguíneos y el intersticio está determinado por:
- Permeabilidad del vaso: condiciones normales los capilares dejan pasar agua y las sales a través
de las fenestraciones de su epitelio.
- La presión hidrostática capilar o intersticial: presión que favorece el paso de líquido hacia el
intersticio.
- La presión oncótica capilar o intersticial: presión de retención de agua; se mantiene agua dentro del
capilar, generada por proteínas ej: albúmina.


En condiciones normales:




Si la filtración neta es mayor a 15 hay un problema de retención de líquido dentro del intersticio

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