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Samenvatting Recht
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Recht Alle lessen Grondig uitgewerkt
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RECHTRecht..........................................................................................................................................................................1
Inleiding tot het recht voor niet-juristen..............................................................................................................5
Deel 1: inleiding recht en de bevoegdheden van de rechtbanken...................................................................5
1.Begripsomschrijving van het recht.............................................................................................................5
1.1 Het recht omvat een geheel van gedragsregels en normen:..............................................................5
1.2 Deze gedragsregels en normen hebben tot doel het maatschappelijk leven te ordenen.................5
1.3 De regels worden opgelegd door de bevoegde overheid en bekrachtigd door de samenleving.......6
1.4 De naleving van het recht kan worden afgedwongen........................................................................6
2.Indelingen van het recht............................................................................................................................6
2.1 Objectieve versus subjectieve rechten (nationaal).............................................................................6
2.1.1 Objectieve rechten.......................................................................................................................7
2.1.2 Subjectieve rechten......................................................................................................................7
Subjectieve rechten – politieke rechten...........................................................................................8
2.2 Privaatrecht versus publiekrecht (nationaal)......................................................................................9
2.3 Materieel versus formeel recht (nationaal)......................................................................................10
2.4 Nationaal versus internationaal recht (grensoverschrijdend)..........................................................10
3.bronnen van het recht.............................................................................................................................11
3.1 Wetgeving.........................................................................................................................................11
3.1.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Verhoudingen rechtsbronnen....................................................................................................12
3.1.3 Internationale verdragen en beslissingen van supranationale organisaties.............................12
3.2 Rechtspraak.......................................................................................................................................13
3.3 Rechtsleer..........................................................................................................................................13
3.4 Gewoonterecht.................................................................................................................................14
4.functies van het recht..............................................................................................................................14
5.Rechtbanken en hoven.............................................................................................................................14
5.1 Vredegerecht.....................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Politierechtbank................................................................................................................................15
5.3 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg............................................................................................................16
5.4 Ondernemingsrechtbank..................................................................................................................16
5.5 Arbeidsrechtbank..............................................................................................................................17
5.6 Hof van Assisen.................................................................................................................................17
5.7 Hof van Beroep en Arbeidshof..........................................................................................................17
5.8 Hof van Cassatie................................................................................................................................18
5.9 Grondwettelijk Hof............................................................................................................................18
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, 5.10 Territoriale bevoegdheid van de rechtbanken................................................................................18
Deel 2: straf- en strafprocesrecht...................................................................................................................19
1.Begripsbepaling........................................................................................................................................19
1.1 Materieel versus formeel strafrecht.................................................................................................20
2. Algemene beginselen..............................................................................................................................20
2.1 Het legaliteitsbeginsel.......................................................................................................................20
2.2 De interpretatie van het strafrecht...................................................................................................21
3. Het misdrijf..............................................................................................................................................21
3.1 Algemene beginselen........................................................................................................................21
3.2 De bestanddelen van het misdrijf.....................................................................................................21
3.3De wettelijke indeling van de misdrijven...........................................................................................23
3.4Verzwarende omstandigheden..........................................................................................................24
3.5Verzachtende omstandigheden.........................................................................................................24
3.6 De rechtvaardigingronden.................................................................................................................26
4.De dader...................................................................................................................................................27
4.1De strafbare deelneming....................................................................................................................28
4.2De gronden van schulduitsluiting.......................................................................................................29
4.3Gronden van niet-toerekeningsvatbaarheid......................................................................................30
4.4 De strafsluitende verschoningsgronden............................................................................................31
5.De straffen................................................................................................................................................33
5.1Algemene beginselen.........................................................................................................................33
5.2Indeling en modaliteiten van de straffen...........................................................................................33
6.Strafprocesrecht.......................................................................................................................................37
6.1Definitie en situering van het strafprocesrecht.................................................................................37
6.2Accusatoire en inquisitoire rechtspleging..........................................................................................38
6.3 De uitoefening van de strafvordering................................................................................................38
6.4Gerechtelijk onderzoek versus opsporingsonderzoek.......................................................................40
6.5Afsluiten van het onderzoek..............................................................................................................42
6.6Onderzoeksdaden..............................................................................................................................42
6.7Het proces..........................................................................................................................................43
6.8De strafrechtpiramide........................................................................................................................44
7.De strafuitvoeringsrechtbank..................................................................................................................45
7.1Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................45
7.2Bevoegdheden...................................................................................................................................45
8.De justitiehuizen.......................................................................................................................................46
8.1Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................46
8.2Taken..................................................................................................................................................46
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, 8.3Taken van de justitie assistent bij daderbegeleiding.........................................................................46
Deel 3: jeugdrecht...........................................................................................................................................47
3.1 Inleiding: wat en doel............................................................................................................................47
3.2 Historiek................................................................................................................................................47
3.2.1 Vroegere situatie in 1867 (voor 1912)...........................................................................................47
3.2.2 De eerste wet op de Kinderbescherming (wet van 15 mei 1912).................................................47
3.2.3 De wet op de jeugdbescherming (wet van 8 april 1965)...............................................................48
3.3 van Bescherming naar bijstand.............................................................................................................48
3.3.1 De evolutie naar een jeugddeliquentierecht.................................................................................48
3.3.2 Het nieuwe Decreet Jeugdeliquentierecht....................................................................................48
3.4 Het Internationaal Verdrag inzake de Rechten van het Kind (IVRK).....................................................49
3.5 Het Jeugddelict (MOF)...........................................................................................................................51
3.5.1 Algemeen........................................................................................................................................51
3.5.2 Procedure.......................................................................................................................................52
3.5.3 Actoren...........................................................................................................................................57
3.6 Integrale jeugdhulp: IJH (vrijwillige en gerechtelijke jeugdhulp + VOS)...............................................57
3.6.1 Decreet Integrale Jeugdhulp van 12 juli 2013................................................................................57
3.6.2 Vrijwillige jeugdhulp.......................................................................................................................59
3.6.2.1 Rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp....................................................................................59
3.6.2.1.1 Actoren.............................................................................................................................59
3.6.2.2 De intersectorale toegangspoort............................................................................................61
3.6.2.2.1 Organisatie.......................................................................................................................61
3.6.2.2.2 Aanmelding......................................................................................................................61
3.6.2.3 Niet-rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp.............................................................................62
3.6.2.3.1 Actoren.............................................................................................................................62
3.6.3 Gemandateerde jeugdhulpverlening.............................................................................................63
3.6.3.1 De gemandateerde voorzieningen..........................................................................................63
3.6.3.1.1 Het ondersteuningsCentrum Jeugdzorg..........................................................................63
3.6.3.1.2 Het vertrouwenscentrum Kindermishandeling...............................................................64
3.6.4 VOS.................................................................................................................................................64
3.6.5 Gerechtelijke jeugdhulpverlening..................................................................................................67
3.6.5.1 Maatregelen............................................................................................................................67
3.6.5.1.1 Binnen de niet-rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp.....................................................68
3.6.5.1.2 De gemeenschapsinstellingen: zie video!........................................................................70
Deel 4: sociaal recht........................................................................................................................................70
4.1 Algemeen...............................................................................................................................................70
4.1.1 Doel van de sociale wetgeving.......................................................................................................70
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, 4.1.2 Definitie Arbeidsrecht....................................................................................................................71
4.1.3 Definitie Sociale zekerheidsrecht...................................................................................................71
4.1.4 Sociale rechtsbronnen....................................................................................................................71
4.2 Arbeidsrecht..........................................................................................................................................73
4.2.1 Arbeidsovereenkomsten................................................................................................................73
4.2.2 Verplichtingen van de partijen.......................................................................................................74
4.2.3 Het verschil tussen een bediende en een arbeider in het arbeidsrecht........................................75
4.2.4 Concurrentiebeding........................................................................................................................76
4.2.5 Duur van de arbeidsovereenkomst................................................................................................76
4.2.6 Schorsing van de arbeidsovereenkomst........................................................................................77
4.2.7 Einde van de arbeidsovereenkomst...............................................................................................78
4.3 Sociale zekerheidsrecht.........................................................................................................................78
4.3.1 RSZ: rijksdienst voor sociale zekerheid..........................................................................................80
4.3.2 RIZIV: Rijksinstituut voor Ziekte- en Invaliditeitsverzekering........................................................82
4.3.3 Rijksdienst voor arbeidsvoorziening (RVA)....................................................................................82
4.3.3 Arbeidsongeval...............................................................................................................................83
Deel 5: burgerlijk recht....................................................................................................................................84
5.1 Burgerlijk recht algemeen.....................................................................................................................84
5.2 Geldigheid van rechtshandelingen........................................................................................................85
5.3 Verbintenissen.......................................................................................................................................87
5.3.1 Algemeen........................................................................................................................................87
5.3.2 Soorten verbintenissen..................................................................................................................87
5.4 Overeenkomsten...................................................................................................................................88
5.5 Aansprakelijkheidsrecht........................................................................................................................89
5.6 Familierecht...........................................................................................................................................94
5.6.1 Wie is familie?................................................................................................................................94
5.6.2 Huwelijk..........................................................................................................................................95
5.6.3 Scheiding........................................................................................................................................98
5.6.4 Samenwoning buiten het huwelijk.................................................................................................99
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