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Samenvatting capita selecta kinderen en jongeren
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CAPITA SELECTA KINDEREN EN JONGERENInhoudstafel
Capita selecta kinderen en jongeren....................................................................................................................... 1
Introductie........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Kennismaking en introductie opleidingsonderdeel ........................................................................................ 6
Situering opleidingsonderdeel .................................................................................................................... 7
4 thema’s ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Opbouw lessenreeks ................................................................................................................................... 8
Doelstellingen opleidingsonderdeel ............................................................................................................ 8
Cursusmateriaal en leerstof ........................................................................................................................ 9
Examen ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
Les 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie (KLOP): definitie en situering ............................................................... 10
Doel KLOP: ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Prevalentie kinderpsychopathologie ......................................................................................................... 11
Wat is ‘normaal’? ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Centrale termen binnen KLOP:.................................................................................................................. 12
10 premisses binnen de klinische ontwikkelingspsychologie: goed kennen! ............................................... 15
Diagnostiek en begeleiding: algemene aandachtspunten ............................................................................ 16
Les 2: eetproblemen en eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................ 18
Deel 1: vanaf de kindertijd ................................................................................................................................ 19
Stelling ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
Eetstoornissen: een probleem van adolescenten? ....................................................................................... 19
Normale ontwikkeling eetgedrag .................................................................................................................. 19
Aanpak?... Kennis voor hulpverleners en ouders (psycho-educatie + tips aanpak)...................................... 21
Etiologie: eet – en voedingsproblemen vanaf de kindertijd ......................................................................... 22
Risicofactoren voor eet- en voedingsproblemen bij kinderen ...................................................................... 23
Deel 2: vanaf de (jong-)adolescentie ................................................................................................................ 24
Eetstoornissen vanaf de (jong)- adolescentie ............................................................................................... 24
Anorexia nervosa .......................................................................................................................................... 25
Anorexia nervosa: DSM-5 criteria ............................................................................................................. 25
Anorexia nervosa: 2 subtypes ................................................................................................................... 25
Anorexia nervosa: lichamelijke symptomen ............................................................................................. 26
Anorexia nervosa: psychosociale aspecten ............................................................................................... 26
Anorexia nervosa: prevalentie .................................................................................................................. 26
Anorexia nervosa: prognose ..................................................................................................................... 27
1
, Boulimia nervosa ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Boulimia nervosa: DSM- criteria................................................................................................................ 27
Boulimia nervosa – eetbuien..................................................................................................................... 27
Boulimia nervosa: lichamelijke symptomen ............................................................................................. 28
Boulimia nervosa: psychosociale aspecten ............................................................................................... 29
Boulimia nervosa: prevalentie en prognose ............................................................................................. 29
Binge-eating disorder: DSM-5 criteria ........................................................................................................... 29
Binge-eating disorder: prevalentie en geassocieerde kenmerken ............................................................ 30
Andere gespecificeerde eetstoornis ............................................................................................................. 30
Signalen eetstoornissen ................................................................................................................................ 30
Les 3: eetproblemen eetstoornissen ................................................................................................................. 31
Etiologie eetstoornissen: risicofactoren en beschermende factoren ........................................................... 31
Etiologie eetstoornissen: theoretische modellen ......................................................................................... 33
Ingekorte versie TDM – Boulimia nervosa .................................................................................................... 36
Diagnostiek van eet – en voedingsproblemen bij kinderen .......................................................................... 36
1.Eet (of voeding)- probleemspecifiek ...................................................................................................... 36
Eetdagboek............................................................................................................................................ 37
Child feeding questionnaire (CFQ; Jansen 2007) .................................................................................. 37
2.Geassocieerde processen/problemen ................................................................................................... 38
Schaal ouderlijk gedrag (SOG; Van Leeuwen, 2002) ............................................................................. 38
Nijmeegse ouderlijke stress index – (korte versie) (Nosi-k; De brock, vermulst, gerris & abidin, 1992)
............................................................................................................................................................... 38
Diagnostiek van eetproblemen en – stoornissen bij adolescenten .............................................................. 39
1.Eetstoornisspecifiek ............................................................................................................................... 39
Eetdagboek............................................................................................................................................ 40
2.Geassocieerde processen/problemen ................................................................................................... 41
Psychologische testing: overzicht ............................................................................................................. 42
Eating disorder examination (EDE)........................................................................................................ 42
Eating disorder inventory-3 (EDI-3; van strien, 2014) ........................................................................... 43
Nederlandse vragenlijst voor eetgedrag (kinderen) (NVE-(K); van strien, 2015) .................................. 44
Leuvense eenzaamheidsschaal voor kinderen en adolescenten (Leka; goossens, 2016) ..................... 45
Gezinssysteemtest (Gest; Gehring, 1995) ............................................................................................. 45
Les 4: eetproblemen en eetstoornissen ............................................................................................................ 48
Evidence-based behandelen van eetproblemen ........................................................................................... 49
Belang van preventie .................................................................................................................................... 49
Preventietips voor omgeving ........................................................................................................................ 50
Protocollair behandelen van eetstoornissen ................................................................................................ 50
2
, Protocol BN en aanverwante eetstoornissen (Jansen et al.) ........................................................................ 51
Doel behandeling .......................................................................................................................................... 51
Het protocol: afspraken vooraf ..................................................................................................................... 51
Component 1: rationale en verheldering van het probleem .................................................................... 52
Rationale 1 – stoppen met rigide lijnen en compensatie ...................................................................... 52
Rationale 2 – belang van uitdagen van gedachten ............................................................................... 54
Rationale 3 – belang van exposure ....................................................................................................... 56
Het protocol – component 2: dieetmanagement ..................................................................................... 57
Het protocol – component 3: exposure met responspreventie................................................................ 58
Het protocol – component 4: cognitieve interventies .............................................................................. 60
Het protocol – component 5: hervalpreventie ......................................................................................... 66
Les 5: depressie en stemmingsproblemen ........................................................................................................ 67
5.1 Normale ontwikkeling van stemming ..................................................................................................... 68
5.2 Stemmingsstoornissen .................................................................................................................... 70
5.3 Depressie in DSM ............................................................................................................................ 70
Disruptieve stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis .............................................................................................. 71
(Majeure) depressieve stoornis ................................................................................................................ 71
Persisterende depressieve stoornis (dysthyme stoornis/dysthymia) ....................................................... 72
5.4 Uitingsvormen depressie in verschillende levensfasen .................................................................. 73
5.5 Prevalentie en prognose ................................................................................................................. 74
5.5.1 Suïcide – prevalentie .............................................................................................................. 75
5.6 Depressie/angst? ............................................................................................................................. 75
5.7 Etiologie: risico- en kwetsbaarheidsfactoren .................................................................................. 76
Meritocratie .............................................................................................................................................. 78
Beschermende factoren ............................................................................................................................ 78
Les 6: depressie en stemmingsproblemen ........................................................................................................ 79
Etiologie: theoretische modellen .................................................................................................................. 79
Diathese-stressmodellen ........................................................................................................................... 79
Model 1. competentiemodel .................................................................................................................... 81
Model 2. Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid/hopeloosheid ................................................................................ 82
Model 3. informatieverwerkingsmodel .................................................................................................... 83
Model 4. emotieregulatiemodel ............................................................................................................... 85
Implicaties voor behandeling .................................................................................................................... 86
Diagnostiek depressie bij kinderen en jongeren ............................................................................................... 87
Het diagnostisch onderzoek: uitgangspunten ........................................................................................... 87
Stap 1. Screeningsinstrumenten internaliserende problemen en depressie ............................................ 87
Children’s depression inventory (CDI; Timbremont & Braet, 2002) ..................................................... 88
3
, Stap 1. Instrumenten depressogene mechanismen.................................................................................. 89
Competentiebelevingsschalen (Treffers et al., 2002) ........................................................................... 89
Vragenlijst psychosociale vaardigheden (VPV; Scholte & Van der Ploeg, 2012) ................................... 90
Vragenlijst emotieregulatie bij kinderen en jongeren (FEEL-KJ; Braet, Crocco, & Theuwis, 2013) ....... 90
Cognitieve triade vragenlijst ................................................................................................................. 91
Verdere (mogelijks) nuttige tools geassocieerde problemen ............................................................... 91
Stap 2. DSM-gebaseerde diagnose............................................................................................................ 91
Structured clinical interview for DSM disorders ................................................................................... 92
Les 7: behandeling van depressie en stemmingsproblemen bij kinderen ........................................................ 92
Protocol ‘pak aan’ ......................................................................................................................................... 92
Pak aan: rationale ......................................................................................................................................... 94
Pak aan: componenten en fasen ................................................................................................................... 95
Fase 1: gevoelens-gedachten-gedrag ........................................................................................................ 96
Letterwoord .......................................................................................................................................... 97
Fase 2: probleemoplossend denken en handelen .................................................................................. 101
Fase 3: cognitieve uitdaging .................................................................................................................... 105
Pak aan: rol van de omgeving ..................................................................................................................... 109
Les 8: angst ...................................................................................................................................................... 111
Caput angst ................................................................................................................................................. 112
Terminologie ........................................................................................................................................... 112
3 bestanddelen van angst ....................................................................................................................... 113
Normale ontwikkeling van angst ............................................................................................................. 113
Bronnen van angst – normale ontwikkeling............................................................................................ 114
Angststoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 114
Angststoornissen in DSM 5 ..................................................................................................................... 114
En ook… ................................................................................................................................................... 115
1.Specifieke fobie (enkelvoudige fobie) .............................................................................................. 115
2.Paniekstoornis .................................................................................................................................. 116
3.Agorafobie ........................................................................................................................................ 117
4.Sociale angststoornis (sociale fobie) ................................................................................................ 117
5.Selectief mutisme ............................................................................................................................. 118
6.Gegeneraliseerde angststoornis ...................................................................................................... 118
7.Seperatieangststoornis .................................................................................................................... 118
En ook nog… ............................................................................................................................................ 119
Prevalentie en prognose (niet kennen voor het examen!) ..................................................................... 119
Etiologie: risico- en beschermende factoren .......................................................................................... 120
Etiologie: theoretisch model ................................................................................................................... 121
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