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Psychology - Schools of Thought
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Descriptions of different psychology schools of thought - from Gestalt Psychology to Humanistic Approach and Freud
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Schools of ThoughtGestalt Psychology (Wertheimer)
Explore human behaviour as a whole
The idea that the whole of personal experience is different from sum of
its parts.
Whole > sum of its parts
Opposite of structuralism
Basis of cognitive psychology
Structuralism (Titchener)
Components of the conscious mind
Explored the structures of the mind through introspection (observation
of one’s own mental and emotional processes)
Conscious experience can be broken down into underlying parts.
Cognitive Psychology (Miller and Neisser)
Without the brain, it is impossible to make sense of behaviour. Finds
behaviourism shallow.
Focused on mental activity.
From Gestalt Psychology
Cognitive Psychology: Cognitive Neuroscience:
The study of how Interaction of:
People think, learn Cognitive psychologists
Computer scientists
And remember.
Philosophers
Brain researchers
Modern Psychological Perspectives
Psychoanalytic Approach (Freud)
Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality
and mental disorders.
Limitation: Not based on experimental evidence; untestable.
Behavioural Approach (Watson)
Only observable events (stimulus – response relations)
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