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NR599 Week 4 Study Guide Nursing Informatics for Advanced Nursing
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NR599 Week 4 Study Guide Nursing Informatics for Advanced Nursing NR 599 Week 4 Study Guide
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General principles of Nursing Informatics Knowledge-The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that
information can be made useful to support a specific task or arrive at a decision; abounds with
others’ thoughts and information. Information that is synthesized so that relationships are
identified and formalized. Understanding that comes through a process of interaction or
experience with the world around us. Information that has judgment applied to it or meaning
extracted from it. Processed information that helps to clarify or explain some portion of our
environment or world that we can use as a basis for action or upon which we can act. Internal
process of thinking or cognition. External process of testing, senses, observation, and
interacting. Knowledge: Information that has been synthesized so that relations and interactions
are defined and formalized; it is a build of meaningful information constructed of discrete data
points (Matney et al., 2011). Knowledge is often affected by assumptions and central theories of a
scientific discipline and is derived by discovering patterns of relationships between different
clusters of information. Knowledge answers questions of “why” or “how.” For healthcare
professionals, the combination of different information clusters, such as the ICD-9 diagnosis
#428.0 “Congestive heart failure, unspecified” + living status “living alone” with an additional
information that an older man (78 years old) was just discharged from hospital to home with a
complicated new medication regimen (e.g., blood thinners) might indicate that this person is at a
high risk for drug-related adverse effects (e.g., bleeding).
Wisdom-Knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions; the use of knowledge
and experience to heighten common sense and insight so as to exercise sound judgment in
practical matters. Sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense, resulting from
accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or enlightenment (education
that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge). Wisdom is the ability to
apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience, understanding, and insight while being
prudent and sensible. It is focused on our own minds; it is the synthesis of our experience,
insight, understanding, and knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate use of knowledge to solve
human problems. It is knowing when and how to apply knowledge. Wisdom: An appropriate use
of knowledge to manage and solve human problems (ANA, 2008; Matney et al., 2011). Wisdom
implies a form of ethics, or knowing why certain things or procedures should or should not be
implemented in healthcare practice. In nursing, wisdom guides the nurse in recognizing the
situation at hand based on patients’ values, nurse’s experience, and healthcare knowledge.
Combining all these components, the nurse decides on a nursing intervention or action. Benner
(2000) presents wisdom as a clinical judgment integrating intuition, emotions, and the senses;
using the previous examples, wisdom will be displayed when the homecare nurse will consider
prioritizing the elderly heart failure patient using blood thinners for an immediate intervention, such
as a first nursing visit within the first hours of discharge from hospital to assure appropriate use of
medications (para. 2).
Scientific Underpinning-The conceptual framework underpinning the science and practice of
NI centers on the core concepts of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, also known as
the DIKW paradigm. As an aside, it is important to note that this paradigm is not exclusive to
nursing, and is in fact used by others who work with data and information. When we assess a
patient to determine his or her nursing needs, we gather and then analyze and interpret data to
form a conclusion. This is the essence of nursing science. Information is composed of data
that were processed using knowledge. Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a
set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or
arrive at a decision. When we apply previous knowledge to data, we convert those data into
information, and information into new knowledge—that is, an understanding of which
interventions are appropriate in practice. Thus information is data made functional through the
application of knowledge. Wisdom is the appropriate application of knowledge to a specific
situation. In the practice of nursing science, one expects actions to be ultimately directed by
, wisdom. Wisdom uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and insight to
exercise sound judgment in practical matters
The Foundation of Knowledge Model- Model proposing that humans are organic
information systems constantly acquiring, processing, generating, and disseminating
information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives.
The Foundation of Knowledge model suggests that the most important aspect of
information discovery, retrieval, and delivery is the ability to acquire, process, generate, and
disseminate knowledge in ways that help those managing the knowledge reevaluate and
rethink the way they understand and use what they know and have learned. These goals
closely reflect the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education, published
by the American Library Association (ALA) in 2003 in response to changing
perceptions of how information is created, evaluated, and used.
Computer science-Branch of engineering (application of science) that studies the theoretical
foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in
computer systems. The study of storage/memory, conversion and transformation, and transfer
or transmission of information in machines— that is, computers—through both algorithms and
practical implementation problems. Algorithms are detailed, unambiguous action sequences in
the design, efficiency, and application of computer systems, whereas practical implementation
problems deal with the software and hardware.
Cognitive science- Interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior
from an information processing perspective.
cognitive science deals with how the human mind functions. This science encompasses how
people think, understand, remember, synthesize, and access stored information and
knowledge. The nature of knowledge, including how it is developed, used, modified, and
shared, provides the basis for continued learning and intellectual growth.
Information science- The science of information, studying the application and usage of
information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacings or interaction between people,
organizations, and information systems. An extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates
features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science,
and social sciences.
Standard Terminology- A plan that presents clinicians with treatment protocols to maximize
their outcomes and support best practices.
A standardized nursing language should be defined so that nursing care can be communicated
accurately among nurses and other health care providers. Once standardized, a term can be
measured and coded. Measurement of the nursing care through a standardized vocabulary by
way of an ED [electronic documentation] will lead to the development of large databases. From
these databases, evidence-based standards can be developed to validate the contribution of
nurses to patient outcomes. the benefits of using standardized terminology as (1) better
communication among nurse and other healthcare providers, (2) increased visibility of nursing
interventions, (3) improved patient care, (4) enhanced data collection to evaluate nursing care
outcomes, (5) greater adherence to standards of care, and (6) facilitation of assessment of
nursing competency.
Accessibility: It should be easy to access the information and knowledge
needed to deliver care or manage a health service.
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