This summary includes extensive notes of all lectures of the Biomedical imaging course of 2021. In addition, it contains a small 5 page summary of the most important things to learn by heart. Written in English
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Introduction “Seeing is Believing” ........................................................................................................... 3
Background.......................................................................................................................................... 3
Schedule .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction to the course .................................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging basics ...................................................................................... 6
Background.......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 LE Magnetic Resonance Imaging basics ........................................................................................ 6
1.2 E- learning MRI ............................................................................................................................ 10
1.3 LE PowerPoint during e-learning ................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Exercises MRI ............................................................................................................................... 12
1.5 LE Hot topics in oncology ............................................................................................................ 13
1.6 PR MRI at PRIME.......................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 2 Ultrasound based diagnostics............................................................................................... 15
Background........................................................................................................................................ 15
2.1 SSA Ultrasound ............................................................................................................................ 15
2.2 LE Ultrasound theory ................................................................................................................... 16
2.3 PR Echo and Doppler ................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3 X-Ray Imaging Basics............................................................................................................. 18
3.1 LE Medical images: basic knowledge and future directions ....................................................... 18
3.2 LE Introduction to X-ray and radiation ........................................................................................ 19
3.3 LE Radiography in the Clinic ........................................................................................................ 21
3.4 LE Mammography / tomosynthesis and quality ......................................................................... 22
3.5 LE Mammo / Tomo / Breast CT in the Clinic................................................................................ 23
3.6 LE Computed Tomography and research CT................................................................................ 24
3.7 LE CT in the Clinic ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.8 LE Ultrasound / MRI / CT in the Clinic ......................................................................................... 25
3.9 PR Reconstruction of images ....................................................................................................... 26
Chapter 4 Tracers for image-guided diagnosis and targeted treatment .............................................. 27
Background........................................................................................................................................ 27
4.1 LE Introduction radionuclides and radioactivity ......................................................................... 27
4.2 LE Gamma camera and positron emission tomography ............................................................. 29
4.3 LE Development and evaluation of radiotracers ......................................................................... 30
4.4 LE Fluorescent tracers ................................................................................................................. 33
4.5 LE Tracers for Radiotherapy ......................................................................................................... 34
4.6 IL Q&A .......................................................................................................................................... 35
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,Introduction “Seeing is Believing”
Background
Medical Imaging has revolutionized medicine. Hundred years ago the body was treated as a black box
and diagnosis was made based on the symptoms and simple diagnostic tools like temperature
measurement, palpation etc. With the introduction of medical imaging, the processes and structures
inside the body could be seen, and tailored treatment became possible. Nowadays, medical imaging is
indispensable in making a diagnosis, guiding interventions and the follow up in patients. In this course,
different imaging modalities will be discussed in order to allow the student to reach the following
objectives.
Main objective:
1. The student can compare and assess the usability of different imaging techniques in medicine
Sub-objectives:
1.1 The student is able to define the possibilities and limitations of the different imaging
techniques based upon their physical principles.
1.2 The student is able to describe how the different imaging techniques (X-ray, CT, MRI, nuclear
imaging techniques, and ultrasound) are being applied in diagnostics.
1.3 The student is able to define which indications would be leading in deciding which imaging
techniques to use.
1.4 The student is able to describe how developments in research and technology and the need
of high quality imaging diagnostics influence one another.
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,Schedule
Topic Date Notes Studied
Chapter 1: Magnetic Resonance Imaging basics
1.1 LE Magnetic Resonance Imaging basics 04-01-21 X
1.2 E-learning MRI 04-01-21 X
1.3 LE During E-learning 04-01-21 X
1.4 Exercises MRI 04-01-21 X
1.5 LE Hot topics in oncology 05-01-21 X
1.6 PR MRI at PRIME 05-01-21 X
Chapter 2: ultrasound based diagnostics
2.1 SSA Ultrasound 12-02-21
2.2 LE Ultrasound theory 12-02-21 X
2.3 PR Echo and Doppler 12-02-21 X
Chapter 3: X-Ray Imaging Basics
LE 3.1 Medical images: basic knowledge and future directions 18-01-21 X
LE 3.2 X-ray introduction 18-01-21 X
LE 3.3 Radiography in the clinic 18-01-21 X
LE 3.4 Mammography/tomosynthesis and quality 19-01-21 X
LE 3.5 Mammo/Tomo/Breast CT in the clinic 19-01-21 X
LE 3.6 Computed Tomography and research CT 19-01-21 X
LE 3.7 CT in the clinic 19-01-21 X
LE 3.8 Ultrasound/MRI/CT in the clinic 19-01-21 X
PR Reconstruction of images 19-01-21 X
Chapter 4: Tracers for image-guided diagnosis and targeted treatment
LE 4.1 Introduction radionuclides and radioactivity 11-01-21 X
LE 4.2 Gamma camera and positron emission tomography 11-01-21 X
LE 4.3 Development and evaluation of radiotracers 11-01-21 X
LE 4.4 Fluorescent tracers 11-01-21 X
LE 4.5 Tracers for therapy 11-01-21 X
LE 4.6 IL Q&A 11-01-21 X
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, Introduction to the course
by Chris de Korte 4-1-2021
Topics of the course: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nuclear Imaging, Ultrasound Imaging, X-ray
techniques.
Magnetic resonance imaging
Best soft tissue contrast in biomedical imaging
Non-invasive, no radiation
Very versatile, many different contrasts possible
Many applications possible (humans, animals, material sciences)
Relatively slow (compared to US, CT, Xray)
Expensive
Some exclusions (metal in body, claustrophobia)
Molecular imaging
PET&SPECT
Tumor-targeting carrier molecule with radioactive molecule
Ultrasound imaging
Basics of ultrasound imaging and its application in the hospital.
January 25, clinical demos at different departments of the RadboudUMC
Ultrasound imaging:
- Non-invasive
- Bed-site
- No radiation hazard
- High temporal resolution
- High spatial resolution
- Cheap: handheld systems
X-ray imaging
January 18 and 19
Different modalities that use X-rays:
- Radiography
- Fluoroscopy
- Mammography/tomosynthesis
- Breast CT
- CT
Every topic has a physics-oriented and a clinical lecture
Fluoroscopy practicum on Monday 18th January is cancelled
Reconstruction practicum on Tuesday 19th January. Install Anaconda on your laptop!
Final day of the course: January 26. Exam on the 4 imaging modalities, presentations of the solutions
to your assessment, hand-in of your group report
Practical assignments:4 clinical diagnostic problems, one per group. For each of the imaging
techniques: explain the pros and cons of that imaging technique for your case and how would you
diagnose your patient. Short report: 2-3 pages
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