100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Social psychology - grade 9 CA$8.56   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Tilburg University (UVT)
  4.  
  5. Social Psychology (500214B6)

Summary

Summary Social psychology - grade 9

3 reviews
 52 views  6 purchases
  • Course
  • Social Psychology (500214B6)
  • Institution
  • Tilburg University (UVT)
  • Book
  • Social Psychology, Global Edition

This summary treats everything discussed in the course social psychology. Includes all terms, theories, and articles for clarification (which are marked in another color for distinctiveness).

Preview 3 out of 30  pages

Document information

  • Yes
  • December 11, 2022
  • 30
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • social psychology
  • social influence
  • social cognition
  • maslow
  • stereotypes
  • social perception
  • individualism
  • collectivism
  • the self
  • self concept
  • controlledhigh effort thinking
  • automaticlow effort thinking

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

  • Psychology and Society Social Influence Notes
  • Summary Social Psychology (500214-B-6) - Grade 10
  • Social Psychology 10th Edition By Elliot Aronson; Timothy D. Wilson; Robin M. Akert; Samuel R Sommers 9780134641287 Chapter 1-13 Complete Guide .
All for this textbook (11)

Written for

  • Tilburg University (UVT)
  • Psychology [EN]
  • Social Psychology (500214B6)
All documents for this subject (7)

3  reviews

review-writer-avatar

By: jack608 • 3 weeks ago

review-writer-avatar

By: ellebouman • 8 months ago

reply-writer-avatar

By: isiskl • 8 months ago

Translated by Google

thank you so much for your positive review! ❤️

review-writer-avatar

By: nicktsuper • 11 months ago

reply-writer-avatar

By: isiskl • 11 months ago

Translated by Google

thanks for your review!

Seller

avatar-seller
isiskl

Reviews received

Content preview

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Introduction to social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of the way people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are
directly or indirectly influenced by the real or imaginary presence of other people. Major part of it is
social influence: the effect that the words, actions, or mere presence of other people have on our
thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behavior.

 Isn’t it just common sense?
Yes, as a human you know stuff about humans.
No, you’re often wrong as we tend to overestimate how much we know.

We also have multiple approaches to situations: out of sight out of mind or absence makes
the heart grow fonder? Social psych also focuses on what behavior is likely to take place
under which conditions.

Hindsight bias: the tendency to exaggerate prediction or outcome after knowing that it
occurred.

Sociology Social psychology Personality psychology
Study of groups, organizations, Study of the psychological Study of the characteristics
and societies, rather than processes people have in that make individuals unique
individuals. common that make them and different from one
susceptible to social influence. another.

The power of the situation
The importance of explanation:
Why study social influence?
1. Basic science: we are curious
2. Applied science: we want to solve problems

 contemporary problems including AIDS, prejudice, violence in schools, etc. When
recommending interventions, it is imperative to act on the basis of scientifically grounded
theories, as science is the best tool we have and prevents us from being wrong easily.

Fundamental attribution error: the tendency to explain our own and other people’s behavior
entirely in terms of internal, dispositional factors (personality traits), resulting in underestimating the
power of social influence / the situation. By failing to fully appreciate the power of a situation we
tend to
1. Oversimplify complex situations.
2. Decrease our understanding of the true causes.
3. Blame the victim when people are overpowered by social forces.

The social situation: It’s not about the objective properties of the situation, but about how these are
perceived.

 Construal: The way in which people perceive, comprehend, and interpret the world.
Example: When someone bumps on you, you act on it according to your interpretation.
 Behaviorism is a school of psychology maintaining that to understand human behavior,
one need only consider the reinforcing properties of the environment.

,  Naïve realism: Type of construal; the conviction that we perceive things ‘as they really
are’, underestimating how much we are interpreting what we see.

Emphasis on construal has its roots in gestalt psychology, a school of psychology that
stresses the importance of studying the subjective way in which an object appears in
people’s minds rather than the objective, physical attributes of the object.

Liberman, Samuels, & Ross (2004) experiment showed that when the name of the game was
Community Game players were far more likely to behave cooperatively than when it was the Wall
Street Game – regardless of their own cooperative or competitive personality traits. The game’s title
conveyed social norms that trumped personality and shaped the players’ behavior.

Basic human motives (where construals come from)
1. social cognition: the need to be accurate

 How people think about themselves and the social world; how people select, interpret,
remember, and use social information to make judgements and decisions. We try to gain
accurate understandings in order to make effective judgements and decisions.

But thinking is hard, time-consuming, and sometimes we lack all needed information, so
even if we want to create an accurate view of the world, we rely on shortcuts.

Our beliefs about the world can result in expectations that can, in turn, shape the world (self-
fulfilling prophecy).

Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968/2003) found that teachers who expect certain students to do
well may cause those students to do well by treating them as if they will.

2. self-esteem: the need to feel good about ourselves

 People’s evaluations of their own self-worth; the extent to which they view themselves as
good, competent, and decent. Most people have a strong need to maintain reasonably high
self-esteem.
They often get upset when they receive negative feedback and sometimes distort the world
in order to feel good about themselves instead of representing the world accurately. Can
impede change and self-improvement if people use this motive to justify their actions.
Example: hazing.

Others:
1. Affiliation: have friends, social advantage
2. Maslow’s pyramid of needs

Different motives may tug in different directions, which
one is dominant (per person, per situation)?

Evolutionary approach
Evolutionary theory by Charles Darwin: natural selection
(heritable traits that promote survival/reproduction in a
particular environment are kept and passed on through
generations).

 Evolutionary psychology

, Attempts to explain human behavior in terms
of (genetic) factors that have evolved over time
according to the principles of natural selection
Core idea: human behaviors prevalent today
are due, in part, to adaptations to past
environments.

Revised pyramid of needs: similar but more
motives. Main goal in people is to find a
partner, have children, and raise them.



CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL COGNITION

Social cognition
Human feats: Humans are exceptional thinkers! Evidence: difficult to program our level of thinking
(AI). We rule the world, mostly by being smart (domestication, technology, cooperation). However,
we do still make many mistakes.

(Social) cognition: How people think about themselves and the social world. How people select,
interpret, remember, and use social information to make judgement and decisions.

 Need to select information because there’s too much.
Need to interpret because the world is often ambiguous.
Need to remember past experience to help interpretation of current experience.
Need to make decisions.

Two kinds of thinking (dual processing)
1. Controlled / high-effort thinking: Effortful and deliberate

 Why so much focus on automatic thinking? Research suggests it’s a prevalent way of
thinking. Due to replication failure, more focus on high-effort thinking.

Example: mathematics, what house to buy, what statistics to use. Involved in:
 Deliberating / decision making
 Counterfactual thinking
Allows us to think about ‘what could have been?’, enabling learning.
Also has downsides: is a 5.4 or a 5 worse? Saying 5.4 would be counterfactual.
 Perspective taking
 Overriding impulses
 Reflection
 Causal attribution

Improving human thinking:
 have to be humble, not overconfident, in what we know to be true or falls and what we
think to understand.
 Consider a point of view opposite of their own and draw conclusions from there: less
judgement errors.
 Teach basic statistical principles

2. Automatic / low-effort thinking: Quick and effortless

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller isiskl. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$8.56. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

59325 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$8.56  6x  sold
  • (3)
  Add to cart