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Summary of chapter 10 Emotion of the book Psychology - Introductory Psychology and Brain and Cognition (7201702PXY) CA$10.10   Add to cart
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Summary of chapter 10 Emotion of the book Psychology - Introductory Psychology and Brain and Cognition (7201702PXY)
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  • Course
  • Introductory Psychology and Brain & Cognition (7201702PXY)
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
  • Book
  • Psychology

Summary study book Psychology of Peter O. Gray, David F. Bjorklund (Hoofdstuk 10) - ISBN: 9781464141959

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  • No
  • Hoofdstuk 10
  • September 7, 2023
  • 14
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • psychology
  • psychologie
  • chapter 10
  • hoofdstuk 10
  • emotion
  • brain and cognition
  • brein en cognitie
  • amygdala
  • fear
  • insula

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  • Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
  • Psychologie
  • Introductory Psychology and Brain & Cognition (7201702PXY)
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Introductory psychology part B – CH 10 Emotions

What are emotions?
Common-sense psychology

 Conscious feelings such as love, jealousy,

contempt, anger, and despair.

But:

 no consciousness, no emotions?
 Lower species, no emotions/affection?
 And what exactly is consciousness?



Function of emotions
- emotions are dispositions toward

behaviour aimed at biologically significant

events



1. Activation of the “Fight-or-Flight” response
 this response puts the body in a state
ready for action
 Acting directly/instinctively
 Run away when confronted with a
predator or fight the danger



2. In humans (and other animals) Emotions are
accompanied by facial expressions and body
postures
 Others can see what one is experiencing
 Facilitate social behaviour



3. Allow the assessment of the consequences of decisions and therefore help take the right
ones
 Allow moral reasoning



Classification of emotions

Categorical emotion theories = Every emotion is seen as discreet and independent

, Two types:

1. Basic emotions
 Congenital (aangeboren), same across cultures, evolutionary old, shared with other
species, and accompanied by very specific physiological changes and facial expressions

What, though, are the basic motions?

 Usually assumed: anger, sadness, joy, fear, disgust, and surprise
 some include less, some more
 Note that even basic emotions are not always expressed in the same way
- Moral disgust (violation of an individual’s integrity): curled upper lip
- Physical disgust (dirty smell, taste): wrinkled nose



2. Complex emotions
 Learned, shaped by the social and cultural environment, evolutionarily new, most
evident in people
 Expressed by combinations of the response patterns of basic emotions
- Example: pride
More than just a facial expression (smile): shoulders back, chin up, arms raised


Research on emotions
How can you properly study complex emotions?

 Often a complex and subtle mix of basic emotions.
 Major cultural differences
- Pride based on personal achievements is appropriate in the West, but may be
inappropriate in the East (appropriate when the group is proud)
- In some cultures people mask emotions when watched



Example of such research

- Comparison of facial expressions of blind and sighted athletes at the 2004 Olympic and
Paralympic games
 Authors' conclusion: facial expressions are innate



Dimensional emotion theories
Make a distinction between:

- Arousal
 physiological/subjective intensity of the emotion

- Valence
 how pleasant or unpleasant a situation is

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