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Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pediatric Nursing: Critical
Components of Nursing Care, 3rd Edition by Kathryn Rudd

,Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. The nurse has provided a presentation to middle school children about nursing as a career. One of
the children stated that he wanted to be a pediatric nurse, because he wants to take care of babies
and little “kids.” What would be an appropriate response to this middle school–aged child?
1. “Nursing is a general practice; all nurses must know how to take care of all ages of
patients.”
2. “As a pediatric nurse, you would get to care for babies and little kids as well as
children through their teenage years.”
3. “What you are describing is actually a neonatal nurse. Neonatal nurses work with
newborn babies, toddlers, and preschool-age children.”
4. “Being a pediatric nurse requires a master’s degree, so be sure to work hard in
school!”
2. The medical-surgical float nurse is assigned to the pediatric unit for the first time and states that
the skills are “the same as general nursing since children are little adults with smaller bodies.”
What component of pediatric nursing contraindicates this statement?
1. Pediatric nursing involves care based on the developmental level of the patient.
2. Pediatric nursing involves the patient’s family in the plan of care.
3. Pediatric nursing in based on prevention of infectious diseases.
4. Pediatric nursing involves cultural sensitivity in patient care.
3. The culturally sensitive pediatric nurse is aware of the racial makeup of the U.S. population.
Which of the following reflects the demographics of the U.S. pediatric population in 2018, based
on U.S. Census Bureau data?
1. The American Indian and Alaska Native population represent one-fifth of the
pediatric population.
2. About half of the children fall in the category of something other than White non-
Hispanic.
3. The population of Asian children decreased from 2015 to 2018.
4. There was no change in the population of Non-Hispanic children who represent
two or more races between 2015 and 2018.
4. The nurse at a family clinic is providing care to an adolescent patient diagnosed with diabetes. The
patient has verbalized discomfort with the feelings of isolation when unable to drink alcohol with
their friends. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response to this statement?
1. “Drinking alcohol is not only illegal but dangerous for your blood sugar control
and overall well-being.”
2. “You can still drink alcohol, in moderation, if you control the sugar spike with
more insulin.”
3. “Prepare for alcohol intake with more water and less carbohydrates before drinking
to slow sugar spikes.”
4. “It is understandable that you want to be included, but perhaps we can work out a
plan on how to work through those situations.”

,5. Which statement best describes the common core concepts of the different models of pediatric
nursing?
1. All models focus on the open communication between the child and nurse.
2. All models focus on importance of family relationship to the child.
3. All models focus on safeguarding the child’s dignity during care.
4. All models focus on coordination of care needs that arise during illness.
6. Which of the following tasks is associated with the pediatric medical home care model of pediatric
nursing?
1. The nurse refers the family to a childhood cancer support group prior to discharge
from the hospital.
2. The nurse includes a simple explanation of the procedure to the child based on the
child’s developmental level.
3. The nurse includes the family’s cultural celebrations and observations while
providing care to the child.
4. The nurse develops the plan of care with the child and family as the focal point of
the interventions.
7. The pediatric nurse begins a research project on 8-year-old patients with the medical diagnosis of
pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). The family has consented to the
research, but as the nurse begins to administer the intervention, the patient refuses to cooperate.
What is the appropriate response to this refusal?
1. The nurse should discuss with the family the options of performing the
intervention without the child’s knowledge.
2. The nurse should explain to the child that this is necessary and promise a reward at
the end of the research project.
3. The nurse should refuse to perform the intervention until the child consents to the
intervention and project.
4. The nurse should discuss the pros and cons of the research project with the child
and focus on the outcomes.
8. A nurse is providing relationship-based care to a pediatric patient. Which of the following is a
challenge the nurse is likely to encounter while using this model of care?
1. Maintaining a sterile field for a procedure with a restless toddler
2. Communicating with the blended family on regular basis
3. Treating children with antibiotic-resistant illnesses
4. Caring for a larger number of children with autism spectrum disorders and
childhood depression

9. The pediatric nurse desires to expand his or her career options to become the hospital’s nurse
educator of pediatrics. Which of the following is necessary for this nurse to achieve this career
goal?
1. The nurse is recommended to earn a minimum of a master’s degree in nursing.
2. The nurse must earn a minimum of a doctorate degree in nursing.
3. The nurse must implement and develop research in nursing practice.
4. The nurse must implement a plan to obtain certification in pediatrics.

,10. The school nurse is developing a teaching session for the population of children in a middle
school. The nurse has determined that the greatest need for the overall health of the children is
promotion of healthy foods. Which of the following interventions is most likely to be effective?
1. Remove all unhealthy snacks from the vending machines.
2. Have a poster contest on healthy eating options.
3. Survey the student population during lunch breaks.
4. Engage the students in healthy choices with cooking lessons.
11. The nurse recognizes the needs of professional development to provide safe and effective care to
the pediatric population by attending which of the following courses?
1. Procedure with rationale to administer human papilloma vaccine to the middle
school population
2. Study review of the incidence of bullying and intimidation in the elementary
school population
3. Demographic study of the U.S. population with regard to cultural diversity and
practices
4. How to provide individual health care education for the children without parental
interference
12. Which of the following continuing education courses would best enhance the pediatric nurse’s
practice in relationship to current trends?
1. Evidence-based practice on improving antibiotic adherence with education to the
family unit
2. Evidence-based practice on proper administration of antibiotics for children with
autoimmune diseases
3. How to enhance communication with children in regards to adherence to antibiotic
use
4. How to decrease instances of exacerbation of infections of children with
autoimmune diseases with antibiotics
13. The pediatric nurse is developing interventions for a school-aged child based on the nursing
diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition related to a body mass index (BMI) of 37 and poor food choices
as evidenced by patient’s mother’s food diary for the family and child’s statements of food
preferences. Which of the following would be an appropriate nursing intervention?
1. Provide the child and family with information from https://www.MyPlate.gov for
healthy food options.
2. Increase the child’s activity by incorporating the child’s friends into a plan of
healthy exercise options.
3. Explain the importance of balancing diet and exercise to prevent obesity to the
child and family.
4. Provide information on the increased risk for potential disease processes such as
diabetes and hypertension.
14. The nurse is developing interventions for a transgender adolescent based on the nursing diagnosis
decreased self-esteem related to transgender identity as evidenced by statements of feeling
“worthless, different, and alone.” What would be the most appropriate intervention based on the
diagnosis?
1. Give positive feedback on personal choices as appropriate.

, 2. Provide gender-affirming care to transgender youth.
3. Provide information on support groups for patient and family.
4. Assess risk factors for depression and suicidal thoughts.
15. The pediatric nurse is providing care to an 8-year-old client who has Down’s syndrome and wants
to ensure they are providing evidence-based care. Which of the following resources would best
offer evidence-based practice guidelines related to the care of this patient?
1. Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing
2. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing
3. National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators
4. American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

16. The nurse must obtain data for a routine assessment of the 8-month-old patient. Which of the
following are part of that assessment? Select all that apply.
1. Measure the head circumference and record results.
2. Enter length and weight in the growth chart.
3. Assess bilateral hand grasp strength and function.
4. Input the Tanner scale results in the chart.
5. List most recent immunizations in the chart.
17. Which of the following examples accurately represent the unique role of the pediatric nurse? Select
all that apply.
1. The nurse developed an intervention that correlated with the patient’s particular
cultural practice.
2. The nurse shared information on the progress and interventions with the family
and patient.
3. The nurse engaged in one-to-one conversations with the family members as well as
the patient.
4. The nurse requested the family to leave during invasive procedures to maintain
privacy.
5. The nurse developed interventions based on the knowledge of human growth and
development.
18. The nurse is developing a health fair for children aged 5 and 6 years. Which of the following
would be appropriate topics for this population based on current trends? Select all that apply.
1. How to deal with bullying on the Internet
2. How to prevent the flu with hand washing
3. How to choose and eat healthy foods
4. How to recognize suicidal thoughts
5. Ways to stay active and stay healthy

,19. The school nurse is providing care to the student population in the urban elementary school. The
nurse notes that the children do not feel safe playing outside during recess due to the recent violent
incidents in the surrounding area. What are some disease processes that the nurse may notice due
to this inactivity? Select all that apply.
1. The general population is at higher risk for obesity.
2. The students are at higher risk for increased bullying.
3. The students are at a higher risk for learning disabilities.
4. The students are at higher risk for diabetes mellitus.
5. The students are at higher risk for earlier onset of puberty.
20. The pediatric nurse is providing care to a 5-year-old patient for speech impediments that were
caused by repeated incidences of otitis media. Which of the following is an example of current
issues regarding this type of medical problem? Select all that apply.
1. Increased admissions based on environmental risk factors, such as smoking
2. Increased admissions based on knowledge deficits due to language barriers
3. Increased awareness of childhood health issues from social media and Internet
4. Shift in the focus of medical care from disease treatment to disease prevention
5. Deficient knowledge that has negatively impacted the adherence to the antibiotic
regimen

,Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 1. Define pediatric nursing.
Page: 3
Heading: Introduction to Pediatric Nursing
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Cognition
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is incorrect. Nurses can specialize in a number of areas. Pediatrics is one of
these areas.
2 This is correct. Pediatric nursing care requires the nurse to use assessment and
evaluation tools that are unique to infants, children, and adolescent populations,
not just babies and young children.
3 This is incorrect. This is not accurate. Neonatal nurses typically provide care to
infants. They would not provide care to toddlers or preschool-age children.
4 This is incorrect. A master’s degree is not required to be a pediatric nurse.
However, advanced degrees and additional certification are available for
pediatric nurses.

PTS: 1 CON: Cognition
2. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 7. Describe the roles of the pediatric nurse.
Page: 3
Heading: Introduction to Pediatric Nursing > Nursing Care for Children
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Safety
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is correct. Pediatric nursing involves not only general nursing care and
planning but also the developmental level of the patient. The history of pediatric
nursing describes how the role has evolved into a specialty.
2 This is incorrect. Although this is a component of pediatric nurses, it does not

, answer the concern regarding the “little adults” comment.
3 This is incorrect. Although this is a component of pediatric nurses, it does not
answer the concern regarding the “little adults” comment.
4 This is incorrect. Although this is a component of pediatric nurses, it does not
answer the concern regarding the “little adults” comment.

PTS: 1 CON: Safety
3. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 4. Describe the projected racial population changes in the United
States.
Page: 5
Heading: Racial Makeup of American Children
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Population Health
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is incorrect. The American Indian and Alaska Native population represent
0.8% of the pediatric population.
2 This is correct. About 50% of the children aged 0 to 17 in 2018 were White non-
Hispanic.
3 This is incorrect. There was no change in the population of Asian, non-Hispanic
children from 2015 to 2018.
4 This is incorrect. The population of non-Hispanic children who represent two or
more races increased from 4% in 2015 to 5% in 2018.

PTS: 1 CON: Population Health
4. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 2. Describe the differences between nursing care of infants, children,
and adolescents and care of the adult population.
Page: 9
Heading: Role of the Pediatric Nurse
Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Safety; Self
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is incorrect. This is not a solution to the patient’s issues. The patient reports
feeling left out due to the disease process. This does not address the issue in a

, developmentally appropriate manner to promote the optimal physical,
psychological, and social well-being.
2 This is incorrect. This encourages unsafe health habits and does not address the
issue with the disease process and the adolescent’s need for inclusion.
3 This is incorrect. This is not therapeutic communication, nor is it safe for the
adolescent. It does not care in a developmentally appropriate manner to promote
the optimal physical, psychological, and social well-being of the adolescent.
4 This is correct. Helping the adolescent develop anticipatory guidance facilitates
independence and healthy responses to peer pressure.

PTS: 1 CON: Safety | Self
5. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 5. Identify models of care applied to pediatric nursing.
Page: 5
Heading: Models of Care in Pediatric Nursing
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Family
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is incorrect. This omits the necessity of family relationships in the care and
development of the child.
2 This is correct. This is a common core concept in family-centered care,
relationship-based care, and pediatric medical home care.
3 This is incorrect. This is a concept based on patient relationship-based care.
4 This is incorrect. This is a component of pediatric medical home care.

PTS: 1 CON: Patient-Centered Care
6. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
Chapter Learning Objective: 5. Identify models of care applied to pediatric nursing.
Page: 6
Heading: Models of Care in Pediatric Nursing > Pediatric Medical Home
Integrated Processes: Teaching and Learning
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Family
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 This is correct. The pediatric medical home care model coordinates care and
includes referrals for community services for nonmedical needs.

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