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OpenStax Microbiology Chapter 1-26 Questions & Answers Chapter 1: An Invisible World * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world? A. All microbes are harmful. B. Humans could survive without microbes. C. Ma

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OpenStax Microbiology Chapter 1-26
Questions & Answers
Chapter 1: An Invisible World
* = Correct answer

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world?
A. All microbes are harmful.
B. Humans could survive without microbes.
C. Many microbes are helpful.*
D. Most microbes are pathogenic.

2. Which of the following is when humans first suspected the existence of microbes?
A. during the Industrial Revolution
B. in prehistoric times*
C. in the last century
D. within the last 500 years

3. Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called “animalcules,” using
a microscope he developed?
A. Robert Koch
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek*

4. To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are increasingly using
which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop sterilization of small pieces of
equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene oxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*

5. The Swedish botanist known for having developed an important biological classification
system is which of the following people?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B. Carolus Linnaeus*
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Whittaker

,6. Which kingdom was the only one found in Empire Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista

7. Which are the three currently accepted domains?
A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya*
B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota
C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista
D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya

8. Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using binomial
nomenclature?
A. domain and kingdom
B. genus and family
C. genus and species*

9. Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation?
A. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage.
B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.*
D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bread.

10. The Romans may have reduced their risk of waterborne infectious diseases by using which of
the following?
A. a variety of pharmaceutical products
B. aqueducts and a sewer system*
C. prophylactic antibiotics
D. quarantine of people with leprosy

11. For which of the following is Thucydides known?
A. developing an effective sewer system in ancient Greece, helping to reduce levels of
disease in cities
B. observing microbes, using a microscope, for the first time, even distinguishing between
bacteria and fungi
C. proposing that disease was caused by microorganisms
D. realizing that people who had been infected by the Athenian plague had immunity to
reinfection*

,12. Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the following
subgroups?
A. five kingdoms
B. four kingdoms*
C. two domains and three kingdoms
D. two domains and five kingdoms

13. Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons?
A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics.
B. They are acellular and nonliving.*
C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis.
D. They lack a nucleus.

14. Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny?
A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species.
B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species.
C. Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.*
D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat.

15. Current phylogenetic analyses include which of the following?
A. information from a range of sources, including morphological, genetic, and biochemical
data*
B. information on visible similarities only
C. information regarding how to classify organisms on the basis of external morphological
characteristics and visible behaviors
D. varied morphological and structural characteristics, with preference for leaving historical
classifications to prevent confusion

16. Diatoms are classified within which of the following domains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota

17. Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following?
A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting
B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any other form of
gene transfer
C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one species to
another, but not from parent to offspring*
D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring

, 18. Bacteria are generally identified to species by using which of the following?
A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches*
B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics
C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy
D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cells
19. For taxonomic classification of microbes, serological tests typically are used to do which of
the following?
A. determine complete genome sequences for microbes
B. identify proteins on the basis of their reaction with specific antibodies*
C. run analyses to identify whether particular genes are present
D. visualize microbial external morphology

20. Which of the following is true of bacterial strains?
A. They are closely related subtypes within a bacterial species that may or may not have
similar properties.*
B. They are informal bacterial groupings used for medical distinctions but not recognized for
classification purposes.
C. They are more distantly related to each other than are members of a single bacterial
species.
D. They are very similar bacteria with almost identical properties.

21. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is used primarily as which of the following?
A. a guide to bacterial shapes
B. a historical account of changes in classification techniques
C. a list and characterization of all known medically relevant microbes
D. a reference for bacterial classification*

22. Which of the following indicates how bacteria and viruses typically compare in size?
A. Bacteria are indistinguishable from viruses.
B. Bacteria are much larger than viruses.*
C. Bacteria are much smaller than viruses.
D. Bacteria are similar in size to viruses.

23. Viruses are classified as which of the following?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya
D. distinct from the three-domain system*

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Exam (elaborations)

OpenStax Microbiology Chapter 1-26 Questions & Answers Chapter 1: An Invisible World * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world? A. All microbes are harmful. B. Humans could survive without microbes. C. Ma

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