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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology 2025 | Current Exam Questions with In-Depth Answers (westernGU)
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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology 2025 | Current Exam Questions with In-Depth Answers (westernGU)
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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology Objective Assessment 2025 | Up-to-Date Exam Questions with Detailed Answers
1. Question:
A client is experiencing difficulty breathing and has a rapid heart rate.
The nurse suspects a respiratory problem. Which of the following is the
most likely explanation for this condition?
• A. Hypoxia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hypertension
• D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: A. Hypoxia
Rationale: Hypoxia, or low oxygen levels in the blood, causes shortness
of breath (dyspnea) and can lead to a compensatory increase in heart
rate as the body attempts to deliver more oxygen to tissues.
Hyperkalemia, hypertension, and hypoglycemia typically present with
different symptoms.
2. Question:
Which of the following is the main function of the nephron in the
kidney?
• A. Filtration of blood to form urine
• B. Production of erythropoietin
, • C. Reabsorption of glucose from urine
• D. Regulation of blood pressure
Answer: A. Filtration of blood to form urine
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible
for filtering blood to produce urine. It also participates in reabsorption
and secretion processes, but its primary function is blood filtration.
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys, but not specifically by the
nephron itself.
3. Question:
Which structure in the heart prevents backflow of blood into the left
atrium?
• A. Aortic valve
• B. Mitral valve
• C. Pulmonary valve
• D. Tricuspid valve
Answer: B. Mitral valve
Rationale: The mitral valve (also called the bicuspid valve) prevents the
backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium. The aortic
valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle, while the tricuspid valve
is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the
pulmonary valve controls blood flow between the right ventricle and
pulmonary artery.
4. Question:
,Which of the following is a primary function of the large intestine?
• A. Digestion of proteins
• B. Absorption of water and electrolytes
• C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
• D. Storage of bile
Answer: B. Absorption of water and electrolytes
Rationale: The large intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing
water and electrolytes from the undigested food, which helps form solid
stool. The digestion of proteins and secretion of enzymes occurs in the
small intestine. Bile is stored in the gallbladder, not the large intestine.
5. Question:
A nurse is assessing a patient with a suspected head injury. Which part
of the brain is most responsible for regulating vital functions such as
heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure?
• A. Cerebellum
• B. Medulla oblongata
• C. Cerebrum
• D. Thalamus
Answer: B. Medulla oblongata
Rationale: The medulla oblongata, located in the brainstem, controls
vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. The
cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement, the cerebrum controls
higher functions like cognition, and the thalamus processes sensory
information.
, 6. Question:
Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating
blood calcium levels?
• A. Insulin
• B. Cortisol
• C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Answer: C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood calcium levels by
stimulating the release of calcium from bones, enhancing calcium
reabsorption in the kidneys, and increasing calcium absorption in the
intestines. Insulin regulates glucose metabolism, cortisol affects
metabolism and inflammation, and TSH stimulates the thyroid gland.
7. Question:
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a low white blood cell count
(leukopenia). Which of the following systems should the nurse monitor
closely for signs of infection?
• A. Respiratory system
• B. Cardiovascular system
• C. Nervous system
• D. Renal system
Answer: A. Respiratory system
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