Exam (elaborations)
OPOTA Questions & answers
OPOTA Questions & answers
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OPOTA SPO'S1-1 Explain the relationship between a Student performance objective (SPO) and a test
question - ANS-A test question must respond directly to an SPO, and every SPO must
be the basis of a test question.
1-1 Explain the ultimate reason for law enforcement training - ANS-· Mandated by the
state
· Acquire new knowledge and skills
· Reduce errors and mistakes in performing critical tasks while protecting the public
· Standardize procedures
· Increase efficiency
1-2 List a peace officer's main goals - ANS-Enforce laws, Preserve the peace, Prevent
crimes, Protect civil rights and liberties, Provide services.
1-2 Explain items to consider when exercising discretion - ANS-Use sound judgement to
determine which laws are to be formally enforced, Determine if there is a more
constructive remedy to a situation without an arrest or citation.
1-2
Explain the factors necessary for the commission of a crime (i.e., the Crime Triangle). -
ANS-Desire and oppertunity
1-2
State the core concepts of community policing. - ANS-Relationships between the police
and the community. Crime prevention. Organizational change of the agency. A problem
solving approach to the police role that is proactive.
1-2 Recognize considerations for off duty situations - ANS-An officers behavior is often
scrutinized by the community even when off duty. Not only does this refer to physical
and verbal actions, but also online activity on social media. Situational awareness: An
officer should make every effort to remain alert even when not working. You never know
when you may need to transition quickly from a private citizen to a peace officer. Make
sure to preplan situations that could occur when together. Familiarise yourself with your
agencies off duty weapons policy. Be a good witness if a situation arises when police
intervention is necessary. Do not become complaisant.
1-3 State the purpose of the bill of rights - ANS-· Protect an individuals freedoms
,· Prevent the government from interfering in protected rights
1-3 Describe the major components of the criminal justice system - ANS-· Law
enforcement
o Keep the peace
o Apprehend violators and combat crime
o Prevent crime
o Provide social services
· Courts
o Hold fair and impartial trials
o Determine guilt or innocence
o Impose sentences on the guilty
o Key personnel includes judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys
· Corrections - responsible for supervising the offender
o Prison/county jails
o Parole
o Probation
o Halfway houses
o Work release programs
1-3 List the goals of sentencing - ANS-· Punish the offender and in many cases,
rehabilitate the offender
· Protect society
· Restore the victim as much as possible
1-4 Distinguish the concepts of lawful actions and police legitimacy. - ANS-· Lawful -
Defined by laws and standards
o Criminal law - identifies what actions are prohibited
o Rules of agency
o Constitutional law
o Officers can act lawfully and within the parameters of agency policy and the citizenry
still not perceive there to be police legitimacy - there can be lawful but awful interactions
· Police legitimacy - Exists when the public views the police as authorized to exercise
power in order to maintain social order, manage conflicts, and solve problems in the
community
1-4 identify three resulting judgments of police legitimacy in action that translate into
positive results. - ANS-· Judgement - Public trust and confidence in the police as being
honest, trying to do jobs well, trying to protect the community
· Public willingness to defer to law and police authority
,· Public belief that police actions are morally justified and appropriate
· Result - Individuals are more likely to become actively involved in police-community
partnerships
· There is correlation between those who obey the laws and those who view the police
as legitamite; in addition, those who see the police as legitamite have an increased
willingness to cooperate by reporting crimes and providing valueable information about
known and suspected offenders
· Citizens are more likely to cooperate and defer in moments of crisis
1-4 Determine when it is permissible for citizens to film police - ANS-· At leas tone party
to the encounter consents
· When officers are carrying out their duties in public, so long as it does not interfere
with the officers carrying out their duties
1-4
Identify the relationship between race, genetics, and physical characteristics. - ANS-·
Race is a modern concept used to classify people by similar, observable physical
characteristics
· It is not, as many people think, based on genetics
· Despite surface appearences, humans are one of the most genetically similar of all
species
· Within the human species, there is no distinct genetic profile that completely
distinguishes one so-called race from another
· This is because most gentecally influence traits, ;ike skin color, hair, eye shape, blood
type, athleticism, and intelligence, are inherited completely independent of one another
1-4
Identify the connection between in-groups, out-groups, and police legitimacy. -
ANS-Some individuals interpret their encounters with police in terms of their group's
societal position rather than, or in addition to, the immediate circumstances of police
contact
1-4 Differentiate the types of racism - ANS-· Individual racism -
o Internalized, unexpressed biases and prejudices based on race
· Interpersonal racism -
o Occurs between individuals, includes public expressions of racial prejudice and hate
made by individuals
· Institutional racism
o Race based discriminatory policies and treatment that are produced and perpetuated
by institutions that result in inequitable opportunities and impacts
, o Occurs within and between institutions
o Includes the discriminatory actions of individuals exercising the authority of the
institution
· Structural racism
o Refers to the collective way history, culture, and institutions reinforce and perpetuate
racialized outcomes, even in the absence of racist intent
o It is broadly encompassing - it touches on all aspects of society and is the foundation
from which the other types of racism emerge
o Indicators include power inequalities, unequal access to opportunities, and differing
policy outcomes by race, whether or not intentional
1-4
Identify the components of bias. - ANS-· Stereotypes - generalizations about the
perceived "typical" characteristics of a social category
o We categorize people by age, gender, race, and role
o Stereotypes do not necessarily have to have a negative connotation, as social
scientist point out that it is just a way for our brain to quickly sort people int recognizable
groups
· Prejudices - an often negative prejudgment based on characteristics such as race,
age, etc. that is not necessarily reasonable or logical
1-4 Differentiate biased-based profiling and criminal profiling - ANS-
1-4 Explain explicit biases and implicit biases - ANS-
1-4
Differentiate the two modes of thinking (i.e., Systems 1 and 2) - ANS-
1-4
Identify strategies to counter implicit biases - ANS-
1-4
Identify the two-prolonged approach to procedural justice. - ANS-
1-4
Recognize the community bank account concept as it relates to procedural justice. -
ANS-
1-4
Apply the four core principles/pillars of procedural justice. - ANS-
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