Exam (elaborations)
Endocrine Wk4 part 2 Questions and answers 2024
Endocrine Wk4 part 2 Questions and answers 2024
[Show more]
Content preview
Endocrine Wk4 part 2Common triggers for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State?
Cocaine, dehydration, acute illness (MI,pneumonia)and poor adherence
to DM medications
Patients with HHS tend to have neurologic symptoms because
_____causes water to leave the brain.
high serum osmolarity
The major risk factors for HHS are
uncontrolled type 2 DM and advanced age.
counterregulatory hormones such as _____, increase blood sugar levels
by accelerating gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreasing
glucose utilization by tissues.
catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, and GH
Although the stress response is an adaptive mechanism b/c muscles
need glucose for fight or flight, in HHS blood sugars ____
spike uncontrollably, often exceeding 1000 mg/dL (normal <100mg/dL)
In HHS, ___ & __ are lost in urine--> ___&__
sodium and potassium; volume depletion & low total body potassium
IN HHS potassium shifts ___
out of cells into body -->hyperkalemia; reduced insulin makes Na/K/ATP
pump less active --> raising Potassium level in the blood.
why doesn't HHS cause ketones in the blood, like DKA does?
, ype 2 DM, cells are resistant to insulin, but the pancreas may still make
insulin. Even a small amount of insulin is enough to suppress lipolysis
(free fatty acid production) and the subsequent ketone formation that
characterizes DKA
What confirm Dx of HHS
a blood glucose level >600 mg/dL, serum osmolarity >320 mOsm/L
(normal is 270-290), and the absence of ketoacidosis; hyponatremia;
hypokalemia(total body) elevated BUN/Creatinine--> prerenal acute
kidny injury
HHS Tx
saline, insulin, potassium (if <5.3)
Risk factors for DKA, the 5 Is
Infection, Infarction, Insulinopenia, Iatrogenic causes (eg, medications),
and Infant related (eg, pregnancy)
Glucagon mediated glycogen breakdown in muscle --> release of
both lactic acid, which contributes to acidosis, and prostaglandins, which
may play a role in abdominal pain and other symptoms.
Name the ketone bodies
acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate,
What causes the high anion gap in DKA?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller stephanvdb04. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$15.11. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
70055 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now