Exam (elaborations)
exam 3 (final)
Exam of 10 pages for the course tests2024 at tests2024 (exam 3 (final))
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exam 3 (final)functions of the respiratory system-✔✔-maintain a constant O₂ & CO₂ in
blood
-acid-base balance
-provides a means of gas exchange b/n the environment & the body
ventilation-✔✔process of moving air in & out of lungs
respiration-✔✔ventilation & exchange of gases in lungs
internal respiration-✔✔at the cell
external respiration-✔✔at the lung
conducting zone-✔✔-10% of total lung volume
-air passed to the alveoli
-anatomical dead space
-nose, trachea, carina
respiratory zone-✔✔-90% of total lung volume
-where gas exchange (O₂ & CO₂) occurs
-alveolar ducts & capillaries
nose-✔✔-warms, humidifies & filters air (air conditioning)
-100% humidified (47 mmHg at body temp)
trachea-✔✔-surrounded by cartilage
-high resistance to airflow, slows done air
carina-✔✔-at base of trachea
-primary coughing reflex
type 1 alveoli-✔✔1 layer of epithelial cells
, type 2 alveoli-✔✔surfactant secreting
surfactant-✔✔-lines surface of alveoli
-liquid containg lipoproteins
-↓ surface tension of alveolar membranes
-gives lungs good compliance
compliance-✔✔-change in volume for a change in pressure
-reason why we can inflate & deflate our lungs easily
O₂ cost of breathing-✔✔at rest= 6 mLO₂/min
inspiration at rest-✔✔diaphragm pulls down, lungs are expanded (active)
expiration at rest-✔✔diaphragm relaxes, lungs passively recoil
muscles of inspiration (exercise)-✔✔-pulls ribs up: scalenes &
sternoclridomastoid
-pulls ribs out: external intercostal
-diaphragm
muscles of expiration (exercise)-✔✔-pulls ribs down & in: internal
intercostal
-external oblique, rectus abdominis, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
(abdominals push diaphragm up)
gas diffusion-✔✔moves from areas of high to low pressure
sites of gas diffusion in the body-✔✔-alveoli-capillary interface
-tissue-capillary interface
factors that affect gas exchange-✔✔↑ gas solubility, ↑ pressure gradient, ↑
diffusion space, ↑ surface area
Fick-✔✔
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