Summary

Résumé Histoire et géopolitique - Histoire du conflit nord-irlandais

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Course
Histoire - Geographie, géopolitique et sciences politique

Institution
Lycée

Ce document analyse le conflit nord-irlandais. Il analyse ainsi les racines historiques du conflit ainsi que les "troubles" (). Bonne lecture.

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Uploaded on July 16, 2024
Number of pages 16
Written in 2023/2024
Type Summary

colonisation anglaise
act of union
grande famine irlandaise
troubles
bloody sunday
accord du vendredi saint
attentat domagh

Institution Secondary school
Education Lycée
Course
Histoire - Geographie, géopolitique et sciences politique
School year 9

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Irlande du Nord

1. Conflit nord-irlandais : racines historiques ...................................................... 3

▪ Colonisation anglaise de l’Irlande (12ème siècle) ...................................... 3

▪ Naissance du protestantisme (16ème siècle) .............................................. 3

▪ Victoire protestante (1690-1801) :
unification de la Grande-Bretagne et de l’Irlande................................... 4

▪ Grande famine irlandaise (1845-1852) : accroissement des tensions ..... 5

▪ Victoire catholique en 1921 :
indépendance de l’Irlande (mais création de l’Irlande du Nord) .......... 5

2. Conflit nord-irlandais en tant que tel : les "troubles" (1968-1998) ................. 6

2.1. Raison : discriminations des catholiques en Irlande du nord.................. 6

2.2. Parties ........................................................................................................... 6

▪ Groupes paramilitaires loyalistes et républicains ................................ 6
▪ Forces de sécurité britanniques ........................................................... 6

2.3. Opération Demetrius (1971) et "Bloody Sunday" (1972) ......................... 7

2.4. Assassinats d’avocats influents .................................................................. 8

▪ Patrick Finucane (1989) ......................................................................... 8
▪ Ian Gow (1990) ....................................................................................... 8

2.5. Accord du Vendredi saint (1998) .............................................................. 9

2.6. Bilan ............................................................................................................ 12

3. Poursuite des violences : attentat d’Omagh (août 1998) ............................ 13

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,4. Principaux partis politiques nord-irlandais actuels ...................................... 14

4.1. Côté unioniste (protestant) ...................................................................... 14

▪ Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) ........................................................ 14
▪ Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) .................................................................... 14

4.2. Côté républicain (catholique)................................................................. 15

▪ Sinn Féin (parti nationaliste irlandais) ................................................. 15
▪ SDLP (parti catholique modéré) ......................................................... 15

5. Situation actuelle ............................................................................................. 16

▪ Brexit : reprise des tensions ? ..................................................................... 16

▪ Victoire électorale du Sinn Fein (2022) ..................................................... 16

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, 1. Conflit nord-irlandais : racines historiques

1.1. Colonisation anglaise de l’Irlande (12ème siècle)

Au 12ème siècle, les Anglais commencent à coloniser l’Irlande.

1.2. Naissance du protestantisme (16ème siècle)

Au 16ème siècle, le conflit prend une dimension religieuse :

▪ Les Anglais deviennent protestants.
▪ Les Irlandais restent catholiques.

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1BETTINELLI Marc, « Les Troubles » : comprendre trente ans de guerre civile en Irlande du Nord,
Le Monde, 2018

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