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CRM 1300 Introduction to Criminology Final Exam Review 2024 University of Ottawa
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CRM 1300 Introduction to Criminology FinalExam Review 2024 University of Ottawa
CRM 1300 Introduction to Criminology Final Exam Review 2024
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University of Ottawa
Exam Review
Critical Crim
Overview
Investigates inequality
Foundational thinkers like Karl Marx and Michel Foucault Marxism
Political economist and sociologist concerned with the rise of social
institutions during industrialization
Marx did not agree that societies operate from a consensus view and believed social
has a conflict view in relation to production
Marx examined with capitalist mode of production and explored the social
formation
These laws exploit people and distance them from the money made from their
labour. If people do not work in these oppressive industries the bloody
legislation will be applied to criminalize and punish them
Marxists argue
Laws are created by the powerful to control the working class
Those who acted in a manner contrary to the objectives of the powerful were
punished by the CJS
Law enforcement agencies are considered repressive state apparatuses that
ensure obedience from those who face unfair expropriation
The CJS is a tool for capitalists
Capitalism is dependent on hegemony - where the ideas of the dominant class
becomes the ideas of all
Using Marx
Quinney states that there are two Marxist positions
Instrumental
Institutions of the state are under the direct control of those
members of the capitalist class in positions of power
Structuralist
State institutions must function so as to ensure the viability of
capitalism more generally
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Certain people were categorized as criminal if they tried to make their own
wealth out of the states control
Michael Foucault phases of work
Views power via language and how we think and know things - how power works
between people and not on people
Said that power operates like a network of relations that we are all a part of not
just related to economics
Key phases of his work
Archaeological
Interested in the emergence of discourses and how these are
translated into techniques or methods of power
Power is not repressive but based on knowledge taking the form of
maps, diagrams, tables and chars that make human activity
understandable
Discourse is the general domain of all statements and classifications
about some topic or issue
Understand law as a discourse for classifying people. He believes
Genealogical
Interested in how these types of classification or discourses turn into diff
mechanisms of discipline and normalization
Uses the term carceral to explain the multiple networks of diverse
elements and the power of normalization that extends into the entire
body
Ethics
Turns from an interest in the genealogy of disciplinary institutions to self
control and self discipline and how individuals engage in care of the self
Includes how we conduct ourselves as people
Questions how we make ourselves into subjects of law
We are governed from a distance by the discourses and knowledge we
experience
Termed governmentality
David Garland control elements
1.Transformation of penal welfarism/rehabilitative punishment
2.Criminology of control
3.The use of economic styles of reasoning (risk) over social reasoning
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