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NAMs and NRMs have compensated for the decline of organized religion; Questions and Answers 2024
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NAMs and NRMs have compensated forthe decline of organized religion;
FOR: - answer
State several reasons for the growth of NAMs; - answer1 - Dissilusionment with an
established church or denomination
2 - Social change
3 - Types of deprivation
Dissilusionment;
There is some evidence that both world-accommodating and world rejecting NRMS may
come about because their members have broken away from another religious
movement. State this evidence; - answerMembers may believe that the original religion
has compromised its beliefs and is no longer faithful to its fundamental theology and
teachings.
EG: the Methodist denomination was established by working-class and lower-middle-
class people who had become disillusioned with the Church of England.
G. K. Nelson (1987) suggests that this process of disillusionment particularly occurred in
the 1980s with the emergence of what denomination? - answerChristian evangelical
denominations, such as the Pentecostal movement.
How does Nelson argue that the pentecostal movement developed out of disillusion with
the established church (Church of England)? - answerEvangelical Christians interpreted
Anglican services as too formal, as lacking in religious creativity and as not spiritual
enough.
Nelson argues that the growing popularity of Pentecostalism is evidence of disillusion
with the established religions such as Anglicanism, and indicates what? - answera
search for a more genuine way of satisfying spiritual needs and being in contact with
God
Social Change;
If we examine the history of religion, we can see that people are often attracted to new
religions when they are anxious about the social change that is occurring in the
societies in which they live. Give an example of this; - answerIn the USA, the 19th
century was a very fertile time for new religions because the USA was undergoing
radical change in terms of urbanisation, industrialisation and mass immigration.
, As a result of urbanisation, industrialisation and mass immigration in the 19th century in
America, what did this result in? - answerThe emergence of the Jehovah's Witnesses,
Christian Science and Seventh Day Adventism in the USA and Methodism in the UK
what does social change bring about? And how do religious groups support this social
change to society members? - answerIt brings about uncertainty, and religious groups
may help recruits deal with this by providing community support and equipping their
members with clear goals, purpose and moral certainty
The 1960s and 1970s were also a fertile time for NRM recruitment of MC university
educated young people. What are the reasons for this? (2 points) - answerMany young
people experienced a university education for the first time. This gave young people
more time, freedom, and knowledge than previous generations to think about their role
in the world and may have encouraged their experimentation with different belief
systems and drug-taking which may have expanded their consciousness.
It also led to many young people rejecting the culture of their parent's generation which
was organized around individualism, consumerism, and materialism. Many of these
young people were very attracted by the communal living offered by NRMS.
There is some evidence that world-rejecting NRMs experienced an increase in numbers
in the late 1990s. Why was this? - answerProbably because of the approaching
millennium (the year 2000) and the end of the century. This was because some NRMs
suggested that the world was on the verge of destruction and a number of sects
promised salvation from these potential disasters.
The most well known are the suicide sects - The Solar Temple and Heaven's Gate
What did postmodernists suggest about NAMs and NRMs in the early 21st century in
regards to social change? - answerPostmodernists such as Lyotard argue that people
are becoming increasingly disillusioned with the old meta-narratives (approaches which
explain why society is the way it is) such as science, traditional political movements and
traditional religions.
For example, people have lost faith in science because it is seen to create more
problems than solutions.
Types of Deprivation;
Glock and Stark, have suggested that social change produces various types of
deprivation which may motivate people to join NRMs. What are these types of
deprivation? - answer1 - Economic deprivation
2 - Social Status deprivation
3 - Ethical deprivation
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