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Reasons for the emergence of sects, cults, NRM's and NAM's Questions and Answers Fully Solved
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Reasons for the emergence of sects,cults, NRM's and NAM's
Weber - marginality - answer Those on the margins of society are most likely to join
sects. Believe they've been denied opportunities and income they deserve. Their new
status as the "chosen few" gives them hope for their future (could explain appeal of
NRM's to young and ethnic minorities)
Stark and Bainbridge - Relative Deprivation - answer Relative deprivation is the
deprivation or loss that people feel. NRM's provide a sense of community and support.
This explains the appeal to MC people who are lacking spiritual meaning.
Wilson - Social Change - answer Sects tend to emerge in periods of social change,
leading to social dislocation which creates an anomie (feeling of normlessness as there
are no guidelines in place). NRM's have defined belief systems and strict moral codes
which provide certainty and direction.
Weber - Rationalization - answer The meanings and motives which direct action in
modern industrial society are rational. This lead to the removal of religious experience
and the sacred. Many NRM's and NAM's formed due to this, as they claim to make the
world less rational and more magical.
Latch - self-improvement - answerNAM'S appeal to people who have a concern to the
self and how to improve it. People are encouraged to make themselves better physically
and psychologically.
Heelas - pragmatic motives - answerIdentifies a group whom NRM's and NAM's appeal
to, calls them "new age professionals". Scientology, for example, claims to improve an
individual's success in personal and work relationships.
Spiritual Void - answerAs a result of the decline in the importance of established
religion, people feel alternative belief systems to explain the world and some of its
problems. Leads to people 'spiritually shopping'
Wallis - social changes - answerIdentified a number of social changes which may have
led to growth of NRM's. Growth of higher education - lengthening time spent in
education and period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Political
movements. Development of technology.
Criticisms - answerBarker shows that many NRM's and NAM's are unsuccessful at
keeping members.
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