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Cem 141 Chapter 3 Origin of Atoms Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update CA$11.49   Add to cart
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Cem 141 Chapter 3 Origin of Atoms Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update

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Cem 141 Chapter 3 Origin of Atoms Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update

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  • August 15, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Cem 141 Chapter 3 Origin of Atoms
in an infinitely dense moment 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe is born from a singularity. -
ANS-The Big Bang Theory

true - ANS-If thermal energy is spreading out it will eventually cool

a mysterious particle/force accelerates the expansion. - ANS-Inflation

after 380,00 years; loose electrons cool enough to combine with protons. The Universe
becomes transparent to light. The microwave background begins to shine. - ANS-Cosmic
Microwave Background (CMB)

clouds of dark hydrogen gas cool and coalesce(come together and form 1 mass/ whole). -
ANS-Dark ages

gas clouds collapse, the fusion of stars begins. - ANS-First Stars

gravity causes galaxies to form merge and drift. Dark energy accelerates the expansion of the
universe but at a much slower rate than inflation. - ANS-Galaxy Formation

true - ANS-Everything in the universe is moving away from us-with increasing speeds.

wavelength depends on what the observer is doing - ANS-Dopple effect

to long wavelength (towards the red end of the spectrum) - ANS-If an object emitting light is
moving away from us, which direction will the wavelength of the light be shifted?

V=high energy , high frequency, short/low wavelength
R=low energy, low frequency, high/low wavelength - ANS-V I B G Y O R

true - ANS-Spectra of elements are more red shifted the farther away they are

Universe is expanding (red shift)
Computer Models
CMB (cosmic microwave background radiation) - ANS-What is our evidence that the Big Bang
occurred?

stars formed - ANS-Gravitational attraction raised temperature

Hydrogen burning (4 1H+ ---> 4He 2+ + 2e+ energy)
Helium burning (4 He 2+ ---> 12C6+ + energy) - ANS-Within the stars fusion restarted

, -involve rearrangements (sharing, donating/ accepting) of valence electrons
-when an element undergoes a chemical reaction it never changes - ANS-Chemical reactions

-involve nucleus (not electrons)
-often result in change in element (since elements are defined by the number of protons)
-require a lot of energy
-fusion is a nuclear reaction
-you are changing the nucleus
-accompanied by changes in mass (the mass is converted into energy mass-energy
equivalence: E=mc^2) - ANS-Nuclear Reactions

K (potassium) - ANS-What element has an atomic number of 19?

have the same number of protons and different number of neutrons. - ANS-Isotopes

7 protons
5 neutrons - ANS-How many protons and neutrons does 12N have?

-adding two nuclei together
- at very high temperatures nuclear fusion can occur -occurs in stars
-releases a lot of energy
-light weight elements/atoms undergo fusion - ANS-Fusion

breaking a nucleus apart - ANS-Fission

emitting particles (a, B, wavelength, etc) - ANS-Radioactive decay

forming a plasma - ANS-At very high temperatures some electrons on atoms are stripped away
(they have so much energy that they can overcome the attraction to the nucleus )

electrostatic (repulsive same sign) - ANS-As two nuclei move toward each other (but still are
separated by distances greater than the size of the nucleus) What forces affects them?

it increases because they are working against the force - ANS-As two nuclei move toward each
other (but are still separated by distances greater than the size of the nucleus) What happens to
the potential energy of the system?

strong nuclear force comes into play - ANS-If there is enough Kinetic Energy in the system
(example by heating it) the nuclei can get even closer at that point the

-Forces which hold the nucleus together (++/+n)
-attractive force
-by far the strongest force

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