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Biology 2- Transcription & Translation of Proteins questions and answers
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Biology 2-Transcription &
Translation of
Proteins
questions and
answers
Gene
A unit of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA
molecule.
What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?
DNA=>Transcription=>mRNA=>Translation=>Protein
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Illustrate the Central Dogma
mRNA is transcripted 5' to 3'
mRNA is translated 5' to 3' and synthesizes a protein from
the amino terminus (N-terminus) to the carboxy terminus
(C-terminus)
What are the three types of RNA?
1. mRNA (most abundant)
2. tRNA
3. rRNA
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
mRNA
Eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic, meaning that it each
mRNA molecule translates into only one protein product.
, Prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic, meaning that each
mRNA molecule can code for one or more protein product.
What does mRNA do? What are its functions?
mRNA carries the information that specifies the amino
acid sequence of the protein to the ribosome for
translation.
mRNA is transcribed from the template DNA strand by
RNA polymerase enzymes that are in the nucleus of the
cell.
Once transcribed, mRNA it may undergo many types of
posttranscriptional modifications before it is released
from the cell's nucleus.
Codon
mRNA is the only type of RNA that contains the
information that's translated into protein. Three
nucleotide segments are called codons., which are read by
the ribosome to translate into the protein product.
What does tRNA do? What are its functions?
Transfer RNA is located in the ribosome and converts the
nucleic acid from the mRNA into an amino acid.
tRNA contains a folded strand of RNA that includes a
three-nucleotide anticodon. The anticodon recognizes and
pairs with the appropriate codon on the mRNA while in the
ribosome.
Amino acids are connected to a specific tRNA molecule,
and tRNA is activated or charged with an amino acid.
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