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AP Biology Final Exam Review | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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AP Biology Final Exam Review | Questions And Answers Latest {2024- 2025} A+ Graded |100% Verified
Active Site - a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Adaptive radiation - the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological
niches.
aminoacyl trna Synthase - Activates the amino acids that attach to tRNA
Each amino acid is attached with a different synthase
Requires two ATP bonds (energy-rich)
Transfers amino acid to 3' end of tRNA
Each tRNA molecule has a CCA nucleotide sequence where the amino acid binds
The aminonacyl-tRNA bond will be used to supply energy needed to create a peptide bond in translation
Carbon Dioxde - a colorless, odorless gas that people and animals breathe out, CO2
Codon - three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Conjugation - In bacteria, the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined.
constitutive genes - housekeeping genes that are expressed continuously by the cell
constitutive enzymes - always present, always produced in equal amounts or at equal rates, regardless
of the amount of substrate
convergent evolution - Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when
adapting to similar environments
covalent bond - A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
, Diffusion - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
osmosis - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport - Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
endocytosis - process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
exocytosis - Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
divergent evolution - evolution of one or more closely related species into different species; resulting
from adaptations to different environmental conditions
enhancer - A segment of eukaryotic DNA containing multiple control elements, usually located far from
the gene whose transcription it regulates.
envelope - a membranelike layer that covers the capsids of some viruses
gene pool - All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a
population at any one time
genetic drift - A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than
natural selection.
glucose - the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body
tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
golgi complex - a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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