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Campbell Biology Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified
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Campbell Biology Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea | Questions And Answers Latest {} A+ Graded | 100% Verified

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Campbell Biology Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene Idea | Questions And Answers Latest
{2024- 2025} A+ Graded | 100% Verified


gene idea - the model that says that parents pass on discrete heritable unit-genes-that retain their
separate identities in offspring



Gregor Mendel - Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his
eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)



character - a heritable feature that varies among individuals (color)



trait - specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another (purple)



true-breeding - term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if
allowed to self-pollinate



hybridization - the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce
hybrids



P generation - Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross.



F1 generation - the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms



F2 generation - the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two
organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation



law of segregation - Mendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates (segregates) into a
different gamete during gamete formation.



Mendel's model - 1. Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters.

2. For each character an organism inherits two copies of a gene, one from each parent.

, 3. If two alleles at the locus differ, then the dominant allele determines the organism's appearance, the
recessive has no noticeable effect.

4. Law of segregation



alleles - alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects



dominant allele - one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present



recessive allele - an allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype of a gene when the individual
is heterozygous for that gene.



Punnett square - a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a
genetic cross



homozygous - term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait



heterozygous - an organism that has two different alleles for a trait



phenotype - The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.



genotype - the genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism



testcross - the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to
determine the unknown genotype



monohybrid - genetic cross that involves one trait



monohybrid cross - mating of two organisms that differ in only one character



dihybrid - Crosses between individuals that differ in two traits

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